Vol 23, No 6 (2020)
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TRANSPORT
8-19 627
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, the number of potential pathogens worldwide is very high, which increases the likelihood of a new pandemic. The impact of the new coronavirus infection (Covid-19) on all spheres of human activity, including the air transport industry, has shown that it is necessary to take into account the possibilities of its functioning under the new conditions. During the research, the possibility of using automated modular training systems for the air traffic controllers training in the remote access mode has been considered. The well-known simulators do not implement a justified instrumental procedure for measuring the acquired skills in air traffic services and the assessment of their development is carried out by the instructor, who reacts to the student’s actions on the basis of his experience. It is difficult for the instructor to control the development of a student’s individual skills and he has to rely on his own experience. To simulate the controller-pilot contour, pseudo-pilots are involved, manually changing the flight parameters of the aircraft and simulating R/T communication. The well-known simulators do not allow independent training. As a result, a conceptual design was formed and a promising simulator with the function of training automation and voice support was developed. The effectiveness of the proposed solutions was tested in comparison with the traditional approach to simulator training. Eventually it was found that after using a special simulator, students' mistakes decreased. Subsequently, the simulator was used for practical training of students providing the distance learning in circumstances of pandemics (Covid-19). The project showed its viability and the ability to conduct remote training of air traffic controllers, after appropriate refinement of the promising simulator.
20-27 549
Abstract
The 21st century aviation and aerospace technologies have evolved and become more complex and technical. Turbofan jet engines as well as their cousins, the rocket engines (liquid/solid) have gone through several design upgrades and enhancements during the course of their design and exploitation. These technological upgrades have made engines very complex and expensive machines which need constant monitoring during their working phase. As the demand and use of such engines is growing steadily, both in the civilian and military sectors, it becomes necessary to monitor and predict the behavior of parametric data generated by these complex engines during their working phases. In this paper flight parameters such as Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT), Engine Fan Speeds (N1 and N2), Fuel Flow (FF), Oil Temperature (OT), Oil Pressure (OP), Vibration and others where used to determine engine fault. All turbo fan engines go through several distinctly different working phases: Take-off phase, Cruise phase and Landing phase. Recording generated parametric data during these different phases leads to a massive amount of in-flight data and maintenance reports, which makes the task of designing and developing a fault diagnostic system highly challenging. It becomes imperative to use modern techniques in data analysis that can handle large volumes of generated data and provide clear visual results for determining the technical status of the engine under investigation/monitoring. These modern techniques should be able to give clear and objective assessment of the object under investigation. Cluster analysis methods based on Neural Networks such as c-means, k-means, self-organizing maps and DBSCAN algorithm have been used to build clusters. Differences in cluster groupings/patterns between healthy engine and engine with degraded performance are compared and used as the bases for defining faults. Fault diagnosis plays a crucial role in aircraft engine management. Timely and accurate detection of faults is the foundation on which maintenance turnaround times, operational costs and flight safety are based. The data used in this paper for analysis was obtained from flight data recorder during one flight cycle. The final decision on a fault is taken by an engineer.
28-39 687
Abstract
The article discusses the formation of complex tasks of information support processes of development, manufacturing and subsequent mass long-term operation of new and advanced aircraft, aimed at further development of innovative approaches to integrated cross-industry system (platform) after-sales support of technical and flight-technical operation of civil aircraft. The article reveals the content of the main tasks focused on ensuring and managing flight safety in civil aviation of Russia and interrelated with the recommendations and legislative requirements of Annex 19 to the ICAO Convention and the Safety Management Manual. The most important factor in this case is to take into account the most complex requirements for the flight safety management system associated with maintaining the airworthiness of aircraft as a mode of transport of particular risk of use. The analysis was carried out and the General Scheme of the Multifunctional Integrated Platform was developed within the framework of the Information and Analytical Support System for the technical operation of aircraft components in relation to the scientific and production enterprise "Aerosila". The developed integrated platform realized in this air enterprise and providing information support on the allocated main functional modules is presented: the module "Safety Management System"; the module "Quality System"; the module "Certification" on the allocated objects of certification. As a result, a common information and analytical system was built, taking into account the degree of its implementation in the conditions of “Aerosila” air enterprise.
40-52 529
Abstract
The determination of operation area from en-route alternates for long-range airline aircraft is an important aspect of ensuring safety of the upcoming flight. In the domestic and foreign methodological literature on flight planning, including the guidance material for flight planning systems, there is no single reasonable algorithm for constructing operation areas of long-range aircraft, including the use of the EDTO-ETOPS rules. The lack of methodological materials leads to the «free» values determination of areas of operation by airlines for their long-range aircraft while building routes, in particular, when determining the areas of operation on the route, the decrease in the aircraft weight during fuel combustion is ignored. A big question is also the «initial» mass calculations to determine the value of operation areas. The article identifies shortcomings of existing algorithm for identifying the areas of operation based on the fundamental methods for determining area of operation. Microsoft Excel 2019 has been used to perform a polynomial approximation of the table-specific function of the dependence of operation radius on the mass of a long-range aircraft. Based on the certain equations, more advanced algorithm to determine areas of operation has been developed. The new algorithm pays special attention to the selection of the original value of operation area. The calculations in this article are made for the Boeing 777 as the main type of long-range aircraft operated by airlines in the Russian Federation. The developed algorithm increases the flexibility of the route by increasing the radius of operation areas from en-route alternates and can be used in flight planning systems of airlines.
53-64 425
Abstract
We consider the problem of collaborative decision making of the production process at airlines (CDM) in dynamically changing conditions of occurrence of emergency situations that make changes in the action plan. In the production process, due to the different orientation of the tasks to be solved, the solution may require a large or small number of possible variant solutions. The article presents a concrete example of such a situation affecting the conventional three services of the aviation complex, each with its own interests in the overall production process. The solution to this problem is the only option in favor of the overall production process. For this purpose, several designations and assumptions have been introduced, the list of which can be supplemented. Dynamic priorities are defined for each participant of the process. Optimization of collaborative decision-making can be achieved either by a simple search for solutions, or by using a genetic algorithm that allows you to get a suboptimal solution that meets the requirements of the participants in the process using a smaller number of iterations in real time. In this example, we consider a situation that occurs in a real enterprise due to bad weather conditions. Thus, dynamic priorities are assigned based on a multiplicative form for delayed flights, considering the interests of participants in the process, private criteria are formed for ranking flights at each step of rescheduling, and a genetic algorithm is applied. As a result, we obtained four solutions to the disruption caused by external factors. The first three options correspond to the interests of three parties concerned, and the fourth one is consolidated. All the solutions were different, which indicates the need for an objective and reasonable decision-making apparatus for joint management of the production process. The proposed mathematical apparatus has this ability and prospects for implementation.
65-83 1016
Abstract
The article deals with the problems of perishable goods handling process at Russian airports on delivery in international supply chains (ISC). The investigation was carried out on the basis of operational analysis. The initial stage of the study, which was performed applying statistical analysis, revealed that the major category of perishable goods which establish air transportation demand into Russia is the fresh exotic fruits. The investigation was performed taking the mango supply chain as an example, due to its non-standard thermal and storage requirements. The second stage resulted in the perishable goods airport handling quality criteria set formation: the number of mandatory cargo while handling operations, the required time for these operations, the amount of paper work, the number of multi-temperature chambers at the airport and their area, ULD temperature storage system availability. The study revealed that about 90% of perishable goods, which are imported to Russia, are handled at the airports of Moscow aviation hub because other airports in Russia lack the temperature storage facilities infrastructure. This restriction raises the price of perishable goods logistics on the territory of the country considerably as well as reduces their quality. Four international airports of strategic importance outside the boarders of the central federal district which have the potential of forming central hubs for perishable goods handling as well as processing of transit and transfer flows were chosen in the context of this study. Among them are the airports of Novosibirsk, Vladivostok, Yekaterinburg and Krasnoyarsk. The airports of Moscow aviation hub were offered specialization on the subject of perishable goods export-import flow handling. The materials received from airlines, major cargo terminals at Russian airports, transport companies, specialized international air transport enterprises and logistics associations were exploited as the data for this study. The research registered that the deterrence to the speed of supply chain operation is the time of cargo ground service at Russian airports which considerably exceeds the cargo ground service time in the exporting country. The delays are connected with the poor development of perishable goods handling cargo terminals and also with loads of paper work because the system of electronic workflow and automated checking of markings doesn’t exist. The model of electronic workflow in the International Supply Chain which utilizes pre-flight and pre-loading preliminary information about the cargo was offered. Block Chain system for checking the correct presentation of documents at all stages of the supply chain was introduced which reduces the total time of cargo ground handling process.
AVIATION, ROCKET AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
84-100 540
Abstract
Modern and perspective tasks of robotics with control from artificial intelligence systems require the use of small-sized measuring devices. In this case, the intensively developed quantum sensors and quantum computers have a bright prospect. Their main advantage is the ability to successfully process the data of random processes with decomposition of complex functions into simple multipliers, as well as their small size and the ability to transmit data over long distances without wires. Data transmitted over quantum communication lines cannot be copied or intercepted, which is very useful for remote control of complex technical systems. Based on the results of the analysis of probabilistic noisy data quantum computer is able to quickly develop an assessment of the technical condition of the complex system. At the same time, there is no need to go through all the possible solutions to the evaluation problem with a huge amount of input data, some of which can sometimes be undefined. The main problem in the research of quantum processes is that researchers study the processes occurring in materials, but they do not indicate the ways in which quantum sensors and quantum computers are used in practical applications. This article explains how to form a measuring transformer that will be compatible with a quantum computer. The main objective of the study was to bring the results of basic research in the field of quantum computing closer to their application in applied tasks. It is shown how quantum processes can be shifted to the field of technical measurements of physical quantities used in complex systems. In the process of obtaining the results of the study, the hypothetical deductive method and the method of ascent from the abstract to the concrete within the framework of a systematic approach to the development of elements of technical systems were used. The result is a description of the processes of designing of tension sensing element made of modified diamond. The main findings of the study include the fact that quantum sensors implemented in the form of a modified diamond crystal are well described by the theory of measuring transducers with frequency output and can be used to get data about the state of an object.
101-120 582
Abstract
The use of Fowler flaps and slotted slats in sweptwing aircraft is the standard solution to increase wing lift at take off and landing. In the literature this solution is known as a classical option of high-lift system of commercial subsonic aircraft. The results of numerical and experimental studies of some solutions intended to increase the efficiency of classical high-lift devices are presented. The concept of the trailing-edge devices called "the adaptive flap" is considered as a way to improve flap efficiency. The adaptive concept is characterized by the integration of spoiler downward deflection to the Fowler flap function. Integration of the spoiler with a movable flap provided an increase of lift in the linear region due to flaps deflected to a higher angle. The steeper upwash angle at a leading-edge device may be the reason of an early stall of the main wing. To protect the leading edge a slotted Kruger flap with streamline form has been used. Preliminary design of classical and improved high-lift systems included the determination of aerodynamic shapes and the optimized position for the high-lift devices. Aerodynamic analysis and design were carried out using 2D RANS Navier-Stokes method. A comparison of computed results has shown visible aerodynamic advantages of an improved high-lift system for maximum lift coefficient and refining the behavior of stall characteristics at high angles of attack. The results of wind tunnel tests of aircraft model with adaptive flap showed its effectiveness.
ISSN 2079-0619 (Print)
ISSN 2542-0119 (Online)
ISSN 2542-0119 (Online)