It should be noted that a number of countries consider that the Arctic is the property of all mankind and therefore the legal regime of the usage of this region territory is necessary to be reconsidered. The intensification of the armed forces activities on the northern borders is caused by aggravated international disagreements on the issues of territorial influence in this region, by the need to ensure the safety of increasing freight traffic through the Northern Sea Route and also by an increase in production capacities of domestic extractive enterprises on the shelf. 

The article deals with the challenge of the accelerated development in the Arctic region of Russia. It is noted that the major role in the solution of this problem belongs to an air-transport complex which is almost the only means to provide the operational availability to objects in the region. For the effective usage of the air-transport complex the approach based on the concept of radio-technical flight support, founded on the technologies of global navigation satellite systems and automatic dependent observation is offered. The existence of readymade technical solutions for these technologies implementation allows to accelerate the solvation of social and economic development problems of the Arctic region in general, alongside with the problems of national security of Russia.

During the operation of the machinery, units and blocks are constantly affected by a number of characteristics which influence its technical condition (TС) in different ways. The choice of the radio engineering complexes of automation equipment technical state control method for air traffic control (ATC) is determined by a number of constructive, technological 

and operational characteristics. The effect of operational characteristics on objects TС is reflected in the form of deviations from the nominal values of their parameters. The stochastic nature and the variety of the operational characteristics impacts on the automation equipment complexes lead to the fact that for the same runtime or duration of operation the objects have different actual TC. The operational characteristics of the automation equipment complexes have a number of properties, which can significantly influence the choice of the TC control method. The technical operation of the automation equipment complexes is characterized by the presence of the changing objective process of the TC and the subjective technical maintenance process, which is a sequential in time change of various states in accordance with the transition scheme. The proposed modernized method of a mixed technical state control system formation is based on the decomposition of radio aids complexes and it provides the opportunity to take into account not only the rank (significance), which characterize the relative importance of the characteristics, but also the influence of the properties of these characteristics in the choice of the TC control methods.

Currently, the security assessment of the primary aviation system from the effects of hazards reduces only the assessment of legality of flight. Such an approach to the assessment of flight safety is not aimed at systemic accounting of the moral and psychological aspects associated with human participation in the aviation system’s management. At the same time, the official statistics showed that the absolute majority of aviation accidents occurred due to the influence of the human factor, most often it was the personal factor of the flight crew. All of the above mentioned determines the necessity of the systemic accounting of the negative manifestations of the aviation specialists’ personal factor, who are involved in the aviation system, primarily they are members of a flight crew. The article substantiates the application of the personal methodological approach to the assessment of the aviation system’s security from the effects of hazardous factors. The features of the application of such an approach are shown in the flight safety assessment model. This model allowed us to develop a methodological apparatus for assessment of the aviation system state. The methodological apparatus is a complex of techniques allowing us to assess the security of a particular flight, taking into consideration the impact of the moral and psychological aspects, which are associated with the personality of a particular pilot, and the state flight safety in aviation formation with the impact of flight crew factor. On the basis of the derived integral indicator, which determines the total amount of threats to the state of the aviation system from the pilot’s personal factor, the methodology for as­sessment of the flight safety level assurance with the influence of the pilot's personal factor and the methodology for assessment of the flight safety state in aviation formation with the influence of the human factor of the flight crew were developed.

Currently, a number of countries widely implemented the landing aircraft system according to the signals of satellite navigation systems (SNS), providing the approach for category I, and the research and development in the area of improvement to ensure the approach categories II and III are actively conducted, they impose higher requirements on  such characteristics as accuracy and reliability. An approach to the runway and landing are very crucial stages of flight, therefore, the necessity of high reliability landing systems are required with the help of SNS signals. Due to the fact that the SNS consumer equipment interference immunity (SNS CE), in which there are no special measures for protection from noise and the provision of maintenance at low levels of the received signals is extremely low, so the navigational equipment is becoming easy targets for terrorist, sabotage and vandalism actions due to its simplicity and compactness of the device jamming for SNS. In addition, due to the continuous expansion of the use of various radio communication facilities, the risk of emergence of the interference immunity of the SNS consumer equipment increases, caused by spurious emissions of radio communication means during their operation or as a result of their disfunction. The algorithm of signals’ treatment in ground and onboard radio navigational equipment designed to ensure a precise landing approach with the help of SNS signals is suggested. The mathematical modeling of the algorithm during the conditions of signals multipath distribution was held.

The article presents a starter-generator system for an auxiliary power unit of an aircraft. A feature of the presented system is the use of a synchronous generator with excitation from permanent magnets and a semiconductor converter. The main problem of the system is the generation of electric energy of an aircraft on the basis of a synchronous generator with excitation from permanent magnets is the absence of the possibility of regulating the voltage and frequency of electrical energy, in this connection, a semiconductor converter that ensures the conversion of generated electric energy with significant mass-dimensions characteristics.

The article proposes an approach to designing a starter-generator system with a parallel connection of a synchronous generator with excitation from permanent magnets and a semiconductor converter. This approach makes it possible to significantly reduce the part of the electrical energy that needs to be converted, as a consequence, the semiconductor converter has significantly smaller mass-and-batch characteristics.

In the article the modes of generation of electric energy and the starter mode of operation of the starter-generator system are considered in detail, the circuit realization of the semiconductor converter is shown. A scheme for replacing one phase of the system for generating electric energy and calculating electric parameters is presented.

The possibility of creating a highly efficient starter-generator system based on a synchronous generator with excitation from permanent magnets and a semiconductor converter for an auxiliary power plant of aircrafts is shown. Structural and basic schemes for constructing a system for generating electrical energy are proposed. The approach to the choice of rational circuit solutions is substantiated, basic estimates of the electrical parameters of the system are obtained. The possibility of achieving a specific mass of a semiconductor converter for synchronous generators of 0.21÷0.33 kg/kW is shown.

The article explains the use of modifications the classical method PSO to optimize the training pilots task on aircraft simulators. Model is based on the identification of the specific guarantee of safety in the task of training pilots of the features of simulation with the use of modern optimization models for long-term quantitative forecast of random processes. The author proved that the classical optimization techniques to aircraft supporting function, the input and output variables, and classes of equations defined by the model author. These circumstances lead to the fact that the obtained models do not have sufficient flexibility that in turn affects their behavior when adding new data points. The increased accuracy and the introduction of additional variables in the optimization problem of security is solved based on the methodology PSO. On the basis of mathematical simulation shows the potential of the PSO for the identification of quality indicators of a new level for the purpose of guaranteeing flight safety. The method of group accounting of arguments presents an original method for solving problems that require structural and parametric identification of models. The author's approach to the problem of optimization consists in taking into account qualitative indicators in terms of aviation events at the gym. On the basis of the mathematical apparatus created a dynamic model based on the classical method PSO. The results obtained are of high precision in compliance with international regulations guaranteeing flight safety and pilot training ICAO and SHEL. Therefore, the method of group accounting of arguments will be effective mathematical tool to build the model and training procedures.

One of the classic methods to improve the noise immunity of passive detection of infrared wavelength range (IKSO) is a differential inclusion of pyrocatechol, placed at some distance. An analytical model of a differential method of receiving infrared radiation from moving objects is introduced. A comparison with experimental results for moving objects of different types is made. Differential inclusion of sensors can be used not only to compensate the external interference, but also to determine the boundaries of a temporary "slot", inside which the movable object is most likely to be detected. The temporal boundaries are used for the decision making about the type and parameters of the movable object in complexional device of object classification.

The principle of operation of ikso, which is to record signals with diversity of pyrocatechol into the appropriate memory registers and output detection of the differential signal envelope. Subsequently, from the memory registers portions of a recording signal posted pyrocatechol are selected which are later processed to determine the temporal provisions of minimum minimore and maximum maximore. The direction of movement of the object abeam is determined by the delay or advance of the extrema of the signals of one sensor relative to another within a given temporal "slot".

It is shown that aggregation should be the following – the tool with a maximum radius of the zone of sensitivity should be active and the basic, but if there is a more reliable piece of information about the detected object which can implement a more refined classification of the object (for example, a group of people, wheeled vehicles-tracked vehicles, etc.). The conclusion is made about the advantages of differential option to include spaced sensors.

The results can be used in the development of infrared wavelengths passive detection in the conceptual design phase.

Radiosounding of the atmosphere is an essential component constituting the base for prognostic aviation authorities. GPR scanning data are the basis for the mapping of baric topography used in the development of aviation weather forecasts. Currently, numerical methods of weather forecast have become especially popular. This is quite justified, as these methods allow to increase the accuracy of weather forecasts and these techniques represent the future. However, the era of "numerical weather prediction" will not come soon. This is primarily due to imperfect numerical forecast models, which do not provide for timeliness and reliability of weather forecasting required for aviation. However, the quality of meteorological support of aircraft flights is largely determined by the timeliness and predictability of the aviation weather forecasts. In this regard, the network of radiosounding functions require the presentation of the theoretical foundations and providing consumers with normalized metrological characteristics of the measuring system of radio sounding, methods of measurement and a reasonable assessment of the reliability of the results of sensing. A number of these problems have been resolved nowadays, however, so far the problem of estimating dynamic measurement errors in the sounding is not solved. The metrological characteristics and the dynamic error of measurement of temperature with the new temperature sensors of foreign production (NТС MFB-5000-3220), recently used in the Russian radiosondes still require the detailed studies.

This article is devoted to one of the most important types of errors of radio sounding – the dynamic errors of measurement, to be precise, the dynamic error of the temperature measurement. In the article the problem of determining the value of dynamic errors of radiosondes is being solved alongside with the investigation of the role of this kind of errors when assessing the reliability of the results of the atmosphere radio sounding.

The urgency of the problem of increasing the efficiency by reducing the visibility of aircraft and installing radio interference on the radio-electronic systems of the air defense complex is substantiated. The main characteristics of the on-board electronic radio protection system of an unmanned aerial vehicle are determined. When designing a low-visibility aircraft, it is advisable to simultaneously solve three-level tasks – the formation of a technical task for the design of aircraft, technical proposals and design sketches. In solving the problems of the first level, operational-tactical, flight-technical characteristics of the aircraft are analyzed and requirements for indicators of visibility are justified, the second one – a matrix of alternative design solutions is formed and rational structural solutions for the airborne complex and aircraft appearance as a whole are determined, the third one determines optimal design -Ballistic, geometric design parameters of technical solutions and aircraft in general. The statement of the problem is formulated in the article. A block diagram of the analysis of design solutions for the placement of an active noise station on board an unmanned aerial vehicle and optimization of their parameters based on a complex "cost-effectiveness" criterion is given. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the influence of alternative technical solutions on low visibility and their design parameters on geometric, aerodynamic, energy, ballistic, thermal characteristics, mass, cost, indicators of visibility and combat effectiveness. The structural and logical scheme for solving the problem for a given technical assignment for the design of an unmanned aerial vehicle includes the following steps: the formation of the initial information and the development of a "support" version of the aircraft structure; formation of a morphological matrix of design decisions on aircraft; compatibility assessment, constraint systems and identification of feasible solutions; generation of permissible variants of appearance; preliminary analysis of the permissible variants of the appearance and selection of the preferred ones; quantitative structural-parametric synthesis of the visually perceptible unmanned aircraft. 

The article gives an approach to a solution of the problem of improvement the avionic equipment vibration resistance. It is shown that the use of the tests, which are provided by the state standards do not insure the required level of the failures caused by mechanical damages. Due to the fact that the tests are carried out restrictedly they do not completely reveal the main resonant phenomena, which define the structure vibrational strength. It is shown that the main challenges of the improvement are to increase the adequacy of test and real modes of vibration, to increase the accuracy of reproduction of the test modes on shake tables and also to increase the reliability of measuring information about the modes of vibration and dynamic responses of an object of researches and to increase the information capacity of the vibrational tests. To ensure the equivalence of the test modes to the modes of maintenance the modes of tests are provided, they are not created by in-phase submission of a test signal in points of fixing the printed circuit boards. It is shown that with the help of control over the amplitudes and phases of affecting signals on resonance frequencies the displacement of maxima deflection in the area of the printed circuit board is possible and, thereby, it is enable to increase the reliability. The received results of mathematical simulation and their correlation with the results of full-scale tests specified on the limitation of vibration tests by means of standard techniques. The conclusion about the necessity of full-scale tests modifications is drawn.

The paper presents an approach to solving the problem of aircraft flight safety. External threats in the form of aircraft-offenders are considered. The algorithm of collision danger coefficients with aircraft-offenders is presented, оn the basis of which the side-program manager of flight safety monitoring is formed.

Two danger coefficients in the horizontal and vertical planes are introduced. Based on various flight situations four possible decisions are offered: absence of any aircraft activity, flight level change, deviation in the horizontal plane and both in vertical and horizontal planes. For each case the formulas of double evaluation are received. They take into account different parameters of aircraft relative motion. Based on these estimates it is possible to build a final expert evaluation for the considered flight situations. It is implemented in the onboard program-manager. The structure of the program is presented. At the program-manager output the expected minimized risk evaluation and the selected alternative of the avoidance of aircraft from the meeting point are formed. The paper presents a detailed description of the procedures to test the performance of the program-manager algorithms. The initial conditions for different flight situations are provided. The simulation results of the algorithm are given. The danger coefficients comparison when performing maneuvers to prevent dangerous approach and in their absence is illustrated. It is shown that the maneuver implementation recommended by program-manager algorithms decreases the resulting danger coefficient. Particular attention was paid to aircraft landing, especially if the landing area had several conflicting aircraft.

The article presents the methods, mathematical model and its software implementation for calculating the efficiency indicators of visual and hardware search and detection of ground objects from the aircraft. The methods differ from the known ones in that they use modern information technologies and are adapted to solve practical test problems. In addition, finding values of the visual detection probability of ground objects in full-scale experiments is unrealizable due to the huge amount of required expenses. The proposed method allows estimating a particular efficiency indicator of an aircraft when searching for ground objects in the flight tests – the yield on a generic object. The developed mathematical model takes into account the known range of object detection by its linear dimensions. The software implementation allows performing calculations for different values of the meteorological situation. The convergence of simulation results and flight experiments is estimated. To determine the convergence, the results obtained in real flight tests on proof ground with different meteorological conditions were compared with the results of calculations obtained by modeling. The relative discrepancy between the indicators obtained in the flight experiment and calculated by the developed program is less than 5%.

The author proposes new private efficiency indicators for the visual detection task of typical ground objects. This is the area of possible detection of the ground object and the area of guaranteed access to it. These indicators allow performing a comparative assessment of the capabilities of aircraft to detect ground objects in tests. These indicators, unlike the known ones, have greater visibility and informational content.

The developed computer program reduces the time spent by the tester on the calculation of indicators and the preparation of materials to the act by 3 times due to automation and usability. It allows us to perform calculations by varying any indicators on which the probability of detecting a typical ground object in the wide range of their change depends on.

This article is devoted to studying the problem of safety management system (SMS) and evaluating safety level of an aviation enterprise.

This article discusses the problems of SMS, presented at the 41st meeting of the Russian Aviation Production Commanders Club in June 2014 in St. Petersburg in connection with the verification of the status of the CA of the Russian Federation by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in the same year, a set of urgent measures to eliminate the deficiencies identified in the current safety management system by participants of this meeting were proposed.

In addition, the problems of evaluating flight safety level based on operation data of an aviation enterprise were analyzed. This analysis made it possible to take into account the problems listed in this article as a tool for a comprehensive study of SMS parameters and allows to analyze the quantitative indicators of the flights safety level.

The concepts of Acceptable Safety Level (ASL) indicators are interpreted differently depending on the available/applicable methods of their evaluation and how to implement them in SMS. However, the indicators for assessing ASL under operational condition at the aviation enterprise should become universal. Currently, defined safety levels and safety indicators are not yet established functionally and often with distorted underrepresented models describing their contextual contents, as well as ways of integrating them into SMS aviation enterprise.

The results obtained can be used for better implementation of SMS and solving problems determining the aviation enterprise technical level of flight safety.

At present, the intensive use of composite materials for the creation of various parts of aviation equipment is noted. The irreplaceability of composites is provided by a combination of such important characteristics as high mechanical strength, heat resistance, corrosion resistance, low density. Due to its complex structure, composite panels can have the intellectual property of self-diagnostics of their condition. Structurally, the composite panel is a matrix reinforced with fibers. Optical sensors embedded into composite matrix transmit radiation trough the reinforcing glass fiber. So, an autonomous information-measuring system can be created. To control the stress-strain state of composite structures, it is proposed to incorporate mechanoluminescent sensors into the structure of composites. The phosphors of the AIIBVI group possess the ability to generate radiation under mechanical loading (mechanoluminescence). Such sensors are light-generating, non-volatile, solid-state, miniaturized. When the composite structure is deformed, the sensors generate mechanoluminescent radiation transmitted along the reinforcing fibers to the photodetector device and to the signal processing unit, in which the localization and magnitude of the mechanical action on the composite panel are analyzed. The physical principles of mechanoluminescent sensor elements are described in the article, a mathematical model of transformation is presented, which allows calculating the output light flux of the sensor under mechanical actions of different duration and magnitude. On the basis of the mathematical model, an application is realized in the MATLAB for modeling the optical signal of sensors with different parameters when the amplitude-time parameters of the input effect change. According to the mathematical model, an algorithm for processing the signal of a mechanoluminescent sensor has been developed, which makes it possible to perform an inverse transformation – to restore the parameters of the input mechanical action by the light flux.

Practical implementation of the concept of a distributed information system requires the implementation of a complex scientific-technical problems related to the choice of composition and use of storage and processing of information, creation and use of common data arrays, information security, etc. Fundamentally, a modern distributed information system is a system of communication and information transmission as well as a storage and data processing system. Storage and data processing system is designed for organization of reliable and fault-tolerant data storage, high-performance servers to access storage devices and information processing. The measure of quality, and in some cases indicator of functioning of data storage and processing system is proposed. The tasks that need to be tackled when constructing and operating the storage and processing requirements of highly reliable data storage, as well as their following configurations: determination of the number and location of centers of data storage and processing in distributed information systems; choice of the composition of the complex used for storage in the storage centers and data processing, with the organization of a backup subsystem, the backup and restore data. The task of storage structure optimization according to the criterion of maximum values of the readiness factor of the storage system is formed. This problem is reduced to the kind of problems of integer linear programming with Boolean variables, this fact allows to apply the existing methods for its solvation. A method for determining the rational level of expenditure on the formation of the complex used for storage in the storage and data processing system based on the use of elements of probability theory and the theory of well-being (the principle of Pareto optimality) is developed. The optimal solution of the problem by optimizing a linear convolution is obtained.