In 2023, the leading US aerospace corporation Lockheed Martin announced the simultaneous development of several extended/augmented reality (XR/AR) simulators for pilots of TF-50, F-16, F-22, and F-35 without being a pioneer in this area of focus, in 2022 similar projects were launched by Boeing and the leading British aeronautical equipment manufacturer BAE Systems. In January 2024 the US Air Force invested in the development of pilot AR simulators based on Microsoft Hololens augmented reality smart glasses. At the same time, Apple began bulk sales of the Apple Vision Pro AR headset. It is difficult to doubt that in 2024 a variety of new aviation simulators will appear using this device. The rapid development of a new generation of aerospace simulator technology, i.e., XR/AR simulators, is accompanied by a boom in research in the field of visual coherence (VC) of augmented reality scenes: virtual objects in these scenes should be virtually identical with real ones. It is VC that provides new capabilities of AR simulators, which fundamentally distinguish from conventional flight simulators with virtual reality. Recently, VC has been increasingly provided by neural network methods, thereby, the most important aspects of VC are lighting conditions, so the major share of research is focused on transferring these conditions (location of light sources and their color tone) from the real world to the virtual one, but the great body of the known approaches are characterized by the lack of versatility and the need to perform manual procedures. These disadvantages are not found in the spectral transplantation method based on twodimensional spectral image conversions, which, however, requires determining the size of the spectrum part being transplanted from the real picture of the world to a virtual object. This article is devoted to the development of a neural network model for the mechanism of selecting the optimal size of a spectral transplant.

During the operation of single-rotor helicopters, aviation accidents quite frequently occur in the form of an unintentional turn or even a yaw rotation, causing, as a rule, a ground collision. Numerous researchers of this problem consider the loss of helicopter tail-rotor effectiveness due to wind effects as one of its possible causes. There is even a special term – the Loss of Tail Rotor Effectiveness (LTE) in the foreign literature. Hence, this paper deals with an attempt to determine the capacity of an unintentional single-rotor helicopter yaw rotation occurrence due to wind effects (the impact of the main rotor on the tail rotor was not considered in this paper). To solve this issue, theoretical methods (analytical calculations and computational experiments) were used. To carry out analytical calculations and computational experiments, a mathematical model of the Mi-8MTV helicopter yaw rotation dynamics was developed, on the basis of which a software package integrating the LTE module (for modeling the dynamics of rotational yaw motion of the helicopter) and OGL (for helicopter motion visualization) was created. Analytical calculations revealed that the yaw angular acceleration value monitored in-flight during an unintentional rotation can manifest itself due to the tail rotor thrust loss in the vortex-ring state. But for the development of an unintentional rotation to angles and angular velocities recorded in real flights, that kind of tail rotor thrust loss should occur during the entire turn. In computational experiments using the mentioned above software package, conditions failed to be created for that kind of thrust loss during the entire turn. Consequently, those yaw angles and angular velocities, that occurred in flights, could not be reached. The tail rotor, when blown by the wind in the investigated range of wind velocities (from 1 to 20 m/s) does not lose its effectiveness to such an extent that an unintentional rotation cannot be stopped by means of the tail rotor.

Natural language processing (NLP) technologies, in one of their applications, provide effective research of patterns and trends in large sets of textual data. Textual safety data presented in the form of accident investigation reports is a promising object for extracting new useful information that can be used both in flight safety management and in the framework of simulator training. This paper discusses the application of NLP technologies for the study of the body of flight safety reports of PJSC Aeroflot – Russian Airlines. The aim of the work is to develop a method for identifying relevant topics of simulator training for pilots. The paper presents an analysis of existing foreign works in the field of intellectual analysis of textual information in civil aviation. It has been revealed that NLP technologies are actively used abroad to study flight safety reports. The paper presents a scheme of a method for identifying relevant topics of pilot simulator training based on clustering of flight safety reports. The procedures of text preprocessing and the construction of its vector space are described. The scientific novelty of the approach is that, unlike previous works, it is proposed to use a full vector representation of flight safety reports, which is built by combining matrices of thematic and semantic vectors. The proposed method has been tested. The analyzed corpus of texts amounted to 1080 reports. As a result of the clustering algorithm, 36 clusters were identified, which were then visualized using the algorithms t-distributed stochastic embedding of neighbors (t-SNE). The practical significance of the research results lies in the fact that the approach based on clustering of reports will allow for a more in-depth analysis of flight safety reports, which can simplify and speed up the work of both safety management specialists and flight simulator instructors.

The current level of technology development makes it possible to improve the volumes of on-board equipment significantly, the same applies to backup power supply systems, in which the use of lithium-ion batteries is promising, which, if there are significant advantages, have a number of disadvantages that must be taken into account when using them. First of all, this is thermal acceleration, which is caused by internal physico-chemical processes and improper operation. To prevent thermal overclocking, it is proposed to use a digital twin, the basis of which is a mathematical model of thermal processes of a lithium-ion battery, obtained by mathematical prototyping of energy processes. For the numerical implementation of the mathematical prototyping method, it is proposed to use a modified finite volume method with the implementation of the division procedure until the required accuracy of the model is obtained. The presented article discusses the procedure for the formation of thermal conductivity equations when modeling the dynamic distribution of the thermal field in a lithium-ion battery in a three-plane formulation of the problem. This procedure is necessary when implementing the modified finite element method using the method of mathematical prototyping of energy processes, which involves dividing finite volumes to achieve the required calculation accuracy. A special feature of the division procedure is the change in volumes, areas of contact of interacting elements, and the change in elements that are sources of heat. In the simulation cycle, it is necessary to re-form the system of differential equations, taking into account the changes that occurred after the division. For clarity, the article discusses the procedures for dividing volumes into two equal parts according to one of the coordinates, and the Cartesian coordinate system is also considered to obtain a model. The proposed procedure for forming a system of differential equations is implemented in Python, the simulation results have shown the adequacy of the model and the efficiency of the proposed method.

The consequences of emergencies in aviation are significant fatalities and considerable material damage. Ensuring the safety of transport infrastructure facilities is an important strategic task for both the State and the operating organizations. The aviation accident statistics show that for the period from 1950 to 2019 there were 614 occurrences (57% of the total number) due to the human factor (from malice to piloting errors), which actualizes the human-factor problem in the operation and safety of aviation transport. According to the ICAO data, 210 accidents occurred and 641 people were killed in the period 2019–2021. The task of the Aviation Security Service (ASS) employees is the proper performance of duties to ensure safety, prevent abnormal and emergency situations. The assigned duties impose special responsibility on the ASS employees and predetermine their compliance with the specified criteria. The personnel work carried out by the personnel departments of the airlines is aimed at selecting the most appropriate candidates for a position. The article considers the problem of selecting candidates as a task of multi-criteria assessment and selection, where the elements are the criteria (qualities) of a candidate, and their weighted assessments are set by experts. The existing methods of personnel selection in the ASS and the issue of choosing the candidates, who are the most balanced in their personal, qualification and other requirements, are considered. A method of selecting personnel in the ASS is proposed by the method of threshold aggregation of a non-compensatory nature, which has significant advantages over common selection methods by summing points and calculating the arithmetic mean. The results of the study are confirmed by the practical personnel selection of candidates for two airlines, as a result of which the group of ASS inspectors in a growing number, selected by using the threshold aggregation method, passed the probation period more successfully than the group selected by using the summation of criteria points. The results presented in the article allow us to consider the threshold aggregation method of candidates for the airline ASS as a promising method of personnel selection, the purpose of which is to improve the quality of air transport safety, which will reduce the risks of accidents, save human lives and prevent significant material damage.

Nowadays Russia faces a big challenge of restoring the domestic passenger aircraft industry in the shortest possible time. This paper is devoted to the assessment of the potential to develop regional aircraft, which are of great importance not only for our country. The design and operational experience is an important link in the creation of any new aircraft. An extensive retrofit of the basic aircraft model is crucial in this process. The paper considers the conceptual assessment of the existing aircraft retrofit effectiveness, which is specifically related with the transition to composite wings, that provide a capability to increase the aspect ratio due to greater rigidity and reduce the aerodynamic drag, as a consequence. As a rule, the retrofit of out-of-date aircraft models necessarily involves the use of more advanced engines with enhancing performance, including better fuel efficiency. The study was conducted using the sensitivity analysis of takeoff weight to design changes, which has been well established for different types of aircraft. As a specific example, a draft version based on the Yak-40 regional jet is analyzed with a focus on the conducted experimental research carried out SIBNIA in 2012–2019. The results of extensive experimental research obtained by SIBNIA specialists are considered in this paper as a good basis for testing the performance and accuracy of the sensitivity analysis method. The obtained performance in the modified version of Yak-40 in terms of flight range comply well with the results of these practical studies. It is noted that the modified Yak-40 with a flight range of about 4000 km can be successfully operated not only as a regional, but also as a business jet. By its performance, the aircraft under consideration will not be inferior to known aircraft analogues. The paper emphasizes the relevancy to develop a new Russian engine for this aircraft category. In this respect, it is possible to consider a propulsion system with a thrust margin since the excess of internal volume of a passenger cabin can be used to increase the passenger capacity.