TRANSPORT
The article considers the possibility of developing control systems for the technical condition of radio beacons (RB) transmitting channels generators for the airport navigation and landing complex using artificial intelligence systems (AIS). The feature of using AIS to develop the technical control system is integrating a multidimensional likelihood function into the knowledge base. By means of merely measurements of signal phases generated in RB, the given function makes it possible to evaluate:
– average frequencies of generated signals in RB;
– deviations of average frequencies from the required values throughout the entire observation interval;
– random deviations of the current frequency values from the average ones at each measurement interval;
– relative frequency instabilities of each of generators.
The results obtained and their variation over the time allow us to carry out:
– monitoring the technical condition of RB channels generators;
– diagnostics of the technical condition of RB channels generators;
– forecasting the technical condition of RB channels generators and making a decision concerning the status of the controlled generators according to the CORRECT OPERATION-DETERIORATION-FAILURE criterion.
The purpose of this work is to analyze and assess the impact of NOTAM on the flight safety and efficiency. The main problems associated with NOTAM were considered: number of NOTAMs, the practical use of NOTAM information, technical limitations of the current NOTAM system. Examples of the negative impact of NOTAM on the quality of air navigation support, safety and efficiency of flights are presented. Also, the best practice of solving problems, related to NOTAM in the world, is presented with using: Q-code and flight planning systems (on the example of Lido Flight 4D). The concept of the European AIS Database (EAD), developed on the basis of the Aeronautical Information Exchange Model (AIXM), is presented. The concept of Digital NOTAM, implemented on the basis of AIXM and intended for the exchange, automatic processing and interpretation of the dynamic aeronautical data, is considered. The research studies the new modernized NOTAM system – Federal NOTAM System (FNS – Federal NOTAM System), developed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) of the United States, which allows encoding the Digital NOTAM. ICAO's plans for the transition from the concept of Aeronautical Information Service (AIS) to the Aeronautical Information Management (AIM), applying the principles of the System Wide Information Management (SWIM) concept, were analyzed. As a result of the analysis of the current NOTAM system and the modernized NOTAM system (FNS from FAA), conclusions were drawn that the implementation of Digital NOTAM should solve the technical part of the problems associated with NOTAM, brought about by the use of modern communications (internet) and new data exchange standards (AIXM), which, as a result, will lead to an increase in the level of safety and efficiency of flights. At the same time, problems with NOTAM caused by human factors remain unresolved, due to incorrect use of the NOTAM instrument.
Air transport is of the essence in providing conditions for the effective performance of modern economic paradigm. Operating airlines, the subjects of the Russian Federation and the State as a whole, are equally interested in the development of air transportation system infrastructure. Civil aviation ensures the transport system integrated safety and stability, the relationship of regions and human settlements, especially Siberia, the North and the Far East regions. Over the post-Soviet period in the Russian Federation, the volume of passenger and cargo operations has decreased significantly, air transport linkages between regions have been lost. Such a passenger and cargo operations-related situation has occurred with heavy traffic congestion in the country’s hubs and does not allow the Russian Federation air transportation system to develop comprehensively and harmoniously. A detailed assessment of the country's civil aviation infrastructure will enable experts to put forward proposals for the air transport system modernization and development. Working space of aircraft maintenance organizations is an integral part among air transport infrastructure facilities. In order to conduct aeronautical equipment maintenance, it is necessary to have engineering and manufacturing objects, hangars and areas to accommodate and store maintenance facilities, equipment (general, individual, specialpurpose), consumables, premises for planning and dispatching departments, space to accommodate served aircraft, their components, etc. In addition, depending on the number of served aircraft types, the air transportation volume and regular pattern, the calculation of workforce and means of engineering and aviation support is essential. These issues require in-depth development on the basis of a scientific approach using the simulation modeling methods.
The purpose of the article is to conduct a statistical data analysis obtained after the experimental study. The experimental research deals with rating the trainees’ level of proficiency before and after the proposed method of the ATC and pilot joint training (retraining). It’s common knowledge that progress in aviation has moved far forward. The fourth, fifth and sixth-generation aircraft have come into existence. Aircraft and automated systems have become digital. In order to develop and implement ATM systems, ICAO has identified three fundamental concepts that will allow us to enhance human reliability in the future. One of the concepts is human-oriented automation. Automation involves the transition from the analog onboard and ground systems to digital ones. As a result, the onboard and ground systems, after modernization, will receive the fifth and sixth-generation abbreviation. Subsequently, a new approach will be required to train (retrain) air traffic controllers and pilots to operate these systems. To solve this problem, it is necessary to change the concept of training flight and traffic control personnel. The article provides an evaluation of the proposed new technique for the joint training (retraining) of ATC and pilots by conducting a statistical analysis of experimental data. The proposed training method will enable us to improve the quality of training, reduce a number of pilot and ATC errors, which are the underlying principles of the ICAO concept. The article presents the statistical analysis of data based on the Student t-criterion and the law of random variables distribution, which will make it possible to draw a conclusion about the effectiveness of the proposed method for training specialists.
Progress in the development of computer engineering provides an opportunity to address a wider variety of challenges using computer software systems. The task of automatic aeronautical navigation information processing is referred to the number of such issues. This stipulates the necessity to adopt new approaches to design and develop similar systems. One of these approaches is based on the application of the collective activity idea of a set of agents – multi-agent technologies. In this regard, the purpose of the article is to consider the features of the automated aeronautical navigation information processing implementation on the basis of multi-agent technologies. To achieve this goal, the problem-structural methodology of hybrid systems synthesis, which allows us to create self-organizing models, was selected. Each element of which develops, obtaining data and knowledge from other elements. In the research process, a formal definition of the multi-agent system of automatic aeronautical information processing is presented, which involves a set of agents, environment of agent functioning, a set of permissible relations between agents, description of rules for forming a network of agents, a set of individual and joint actions, communication interactions, behavior and actions strategies, a possibility of system evolution. Furthermore, an emphasis is placed on the description of each agent. For this purpose, the authors propose to use four elements: a set of variables, inputs and outputs, an autonomous technique that performs appropriate changes over a set of variables. As agents, the paper comes up with the idea to use the following: Pilots Notification Agent, Preflight Information Bulletin Agent, Data Generation Agent, Aviation Processes Agent, Aviation Database Generation Agent, Aeronautical Maps Creation Agent, Aeronautical Data Set Export/Import Agent, Publications and References Agent. In addition, the article presents the multi-agent system diagram of automated aeronautical information processing and describes in detail processing an application in the agent using the mathematical expression. The results, obtained in the course of investigations, can be used to improve the effectiveness of the analytical component in the structure of the system to form the direct and reverse coordination relationship while solving aerial navigation problems.
The principle of organization of strap-down inertial navigation systems is based on numerical integration of angular velocities and accelerations. The purpose of numerical integration algorithms is to approximate the behavior of a dynamic system (unmanned aerial vehicle – UAV) with continuous time using a digital computer. The efficiency of numerical integration is determined by the accuracy and stability of the computational process. The integration algorithm may have a small integration error, but at the same time be inefficient due to the instability of the numerical method when the step or conditions of integration change. The standard way to test integration algorithms for stability is to test them under control operating conditions (when performing a typical UAV flight along the route and canonical movement). The article presents the results of simulation modeling of traditional numerical integration algorithms in the conditions of rectilinear and conical UAV motion, when calculating the values of angular velocities by various methods. The analysis of the obtained research results is carried out, which allows us to choose an algorithm that has an advantage with respect to accuracy and computational simplicity, depending on the flight conditions. For a UAV that has no or minimal undampened angular harmonic oscillations of its body, when performing a typical flight along the route, the best, in terms of accuracy and volume of calculations, is a second-order accuracy algorithm implementing the average speed method. Its average error in calculating angles ranges from 3.6 to 43%, which is approximately equal to the errors values when using the considered algorithms (an algorithm implementing a second approximation to the average speed method, a one-step algorithm of the thirdorder of accuracy), with a three-fold smaller amount of mathematical calculations.
AVIATION, ROCKET AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
Currently, materials with shape memory effect (SME) are widely utilized in the field of joining thin-walled shells. The application of SME materials in the joining of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) compartments makes it possible to increase the accuracy, high assembly manufacturability to perform multiple joint assembly-disassembly work and ensures the forces transfer from UAV different surfaces in compliance with the specified strength conditions. The paper considers a design technique for a detachable clamp (tape) joint, made up of SME material, of UAV small-diameter compartments. The clamp is an open shell made up of SME material. Before installation, the clamp is cooled, and the required shape is given to it. When heated, its diameter reduces to the specified to ensure tightness and absence of clearances in the design. The critical parameters were specified. They are required to solve the problem of parametric optimization of the clamp joint, whereby the joint will meet the strength requirements and have the minimum mass. Based on the calculation of a clamped joint, the calculation algorithm, that allows the calculation of tape connections for various diameters UAV compartments, was obtained. A computer model of joining in CAD Solid Works with the parameters that comply with the structural strength requirements was created. Based on geometry of the model and the properties of the stated materials, the calculation of structural mass under various values of the inclination angle of the clamp surface was carried out. The method of designing a clamp joint, made up of titanium nickel, is represented. The dependences of compartments joints strength on the clamp parameters and a set of parameters, allowing us to design the working structure of the clamp joint with the lowest mass, are found.
ISSN 2542-0119 (Online)