While in operation aircraft components are replaced due to the end of their service life or failure. Needs formation of the operator in the replaceable components considerably determines the operating efficiency of the aircraft type and particular airplanes, as lack of components causes aircraft downtime and oversupply deadens the funds spent to purchase them. These processes are regulated by norms of consumption of materials and tools spare parts necessary and sufficient for aircraft operation.
This work considers the conditions of formation of spare parts rate of consumption for aircraft maintenance and repair and provides the calculations on the formation of these norms in current development conditions, manufacture and operation of domestically produced aircraft at various stages of their life cycle.
In the augmented reality (AR) it is usually implied that the real world is augmented by virtual objects. But what about the augmentation of the virtual world by real objects? – such an “inverse” AR is required in airside driver training systems. Drivers of some airside vehicles have to move while working, that’s why traditional driving simulators (where the user has to sit in the driver’s chair) are not usable to train them. For example the drivers of airport cargo loaders have to move between two consoles – the driving console and the cargo console. The training of these drivers can be well implemented in the virtual reality (VR), but VR has a substantial drawback of a poor tactile feedback. Today’s haptic gloves provide very modest tactile effects which are absolutely insufficient for effective training.
The paper describes the system for the cargo loader drivers which solves this problem using the inverse AR: the physical models of the loader consoles are spatially aligned with the 3D models of these consoles by means of the precise tracking sensors located on the user’s hands, feet and head. Thus when the user touches the virtual control elements in VR he/she simultaneously touches the real control elements and this provides the full tactile feedback. The physical models of the consoles provide a signal input to control the virtual loader.
The actuality of problem of optimizing the set of technical facilities to provide aviation safety and security is determined by the necessity to develop aviation security provision system taking into account the analysis of threats while ensuring balance between expenses on security support and possible damage from the act of unlawful interference.
The offered method of optimization consists of two main stages: determination of the optimal total expenses and determination of the optimal set of technical facilities.
The first stage is devoted to analysing the threats and solving the task of optimization of total expenditures on the technical aids set used to ensure aviation safety and security which means searching for the minimum of total expenses goal function. These expenses constitute a sum of expenses spent on technical aids set and damage from the act of unlawful interference.
The second methodological stage deals with setting the task of parameters synthesis. To solve this task it is necessary to determine the main features of the technical aids set, the criterion of the system operation quality and restrictions imposed on the system.
Practical significance of the suggested method of optimization gives the possibility to solve the task of scientifically-grounded selection of technical aids set which is aimed at protecting from the acts of unlawful interference when guided by providing balance between expenses on aviation security and potential damage.
In the context of today’s economic situation in our country and the ways that are planned to improve it, it has been offered to recall the problem of scientific labor organization (NOTES) that makes it possible to provide an increase in economic efficiency of production without considerable extra capital expenditures.
The idea of article is to consider the factors at overcoming of which the application of scientific labor organization is aimed and to draw attention to the ways of solving labor protection tasks that emerge in labor process.
Modern aircraft have many restrictions on various aircraft performance parameters. First of all, you should underline operating limitations for the particular aircraft type, which determine the ultimate flight modes as the most difficult operating conditions. Violating the limit regimes can lead to critical modes and consequently to an emergency situation. The article examines the nature of in-flight emergencies, and causes of failures.
The article incorporates the classification and array of on-board facilities to prevent emergency situations, the examples of available on-board equipment to prevent emergencies.
Aviation events as a source of emergency volley impact on the environment have been offered for consideration in the article. The classification of the emerging pollution types and the analysis of the problems that arise when combustivelubricating materials spill at the place of airplane crash are presented in the article.
The system of measures aimed at reducing negative ecological impact on the soil of the affected territories through its detoxification has been offered. Carbon sorbents application has been proved. The dependences for calculating the necessary amount of active coals have been recommended. The proposed sequence of works to be carried out on the polluted territory has been shown.
The article deals with the actual problem of utilization of the solid waste resulting from activity of civil aviation as it is demanded by a state policy in the sphere of the Russian Federation transport. Existence of a significant amount of waste of a different classes of dauger allows to consider this problem in a complex with an individual approach to each class. Use of chemical reagents (acetic and (or) nitric acids) will allow to solve effectively the problem connected with utilization of the food multilayered packing materials accumulated in airports food services as well as a problem of processing similar solid waste in case of aviation incidents.
The technology of process of division, the modes of carrying out the process are recommended. Comparison of carrying out process efficiency for various reagents when changing the technological parameters is given. Division of layers of multilayered materials allows to use the technologies which are already approved in the industry for their utilization. It is shown that it will allow to solve the problem connected with the accumulation of food multilayered packing materials more effectively in civil aviation.
The approved technological schemes and technical means for the water purification, which is formed at implementation of sanitary and hygienic procedures onboard the operated space stations are considered and compared. Data of various sources on a chemical composition of water pollution after different types of the works performed by crew before sanitary procedures are provided. The choice of the washing antibacterial means, the technological scheme of cleaning locates. The scheme of experimental installation for purification of sanitary and hygienic water with method of the return osmosis and the made experiments results is provided.
It is shown, that it is essentially possible to carry out regeneration of sanitary and hygienic water with the help of the reverse-osmosis modules released by the industry. Selectivity of the reverse-osmosis modules of various production to the chosen detergent exceeds 99%, and at pressure difference on a membrane of 0,8–10 MPa the pure extraction coefficient of 98% is reached. Express methods for a preliminary estimate of oxygen chemical consumption and detergent concentration in the polluted water, a method of an assessment of water purification quality on specific conductivity are offered.
The article consideres the requirements on personnel training for occupational safety service. For increasing the competitive ability of production and organization it is necessary to introduce new tools to provide work safety. Workers’ decrease of traumatism and occupational disease is the important issue. Possibly, the administrative system of occupational safety can become a similar tool. At present active introduction of the given system is under way in enterprises.
Well-trained staff of enterprises is the integral part of well operating administrative system of occupational safety. Therefore, the requirements towards specialists in the sphere of industrial safety are becoming tougher. The new professional standards were issued in 2014. It is necessary to alter professional training according to these standards. The article suggests the ways of training and retraining specialists in the sphere of occupational safety.
The article analyzes the benefits and drawbacks of the matrix of consequences and probability (ICAO risk matrix) as a method of safety risk assessment. The ICAO matrix is a qualitative method of risk management based on expert assessments of the degree of probability of individual possible events and of their consequences. The method is simple and easy to use, but can only assess separate differential risks.
The article shows the failure of using the ICAO matrix for quantitative risk assessment of «past events» and deviations in the operational activity of the airline and getting an integrated risk of the airline and its monitoring.
The article also describes the limitations of this method in solving the tasks of corrective measures prioritization in case of negative correlation between the probability and severity of consequences of events.
In the article the forecasts of the aircraft industry made within the framework of international foresight studies of the last decade are discussed. The objectives, scope, topics and level of detail of these projects are defined. Comparative analysis of foresight studies of the EU, Canada, France, USA, Australia, Japan, Korea, India and Russia allows to create a collective "Image of the Future" of the global aircraft industry, reflecting the wide range of customers needs and expectations.
In the twenty-first century foresight became an instrument of public policy building in developed countries. The foresight studies for aviation sector demonstrate noticeable differences: some of them are dedicated to the prospects of aircraft industry as a whole, others are studying special issues such as aviation safety. Most part of modern foresight projects consider the aviation prospects within the context of global challenges, environmental, energy and technological trends (development of new materials, intelligent technology, etc).
Technologies considered by leading foresight projects are grouped into 10 thematic areas: aircraft design; aircraft engines; new materials, methods of their creation and development; avionics; information and communication technologies; ecology and environment protection; energy saving; ground operations (including operation of airports); aviation security; air traffic management. Despite the existing differences of sectoral goal-setting, some sustainable priorities were found. Among them there are three technological groups: technologies improving ecological performance and reducing harmful emissions; development of new materials and coatings for the aviation industry; the improvement of aviation safety.
The performed analysis of aviation foresight results has shown the importance of strengthening international cooperation in the area of ecology, in particular the harmonization of environment protection requirements, of multidisciplinary approach to forecasting; orientation to the concept of "Grand Challenges", which provides for the transition from separate technology areas support to the search of complex solutions of the problems facing the world community.
ISSN 2542-0119 (Online)