SANITARY AND HYGIENIC WATER PURIFICATION RESEARCH FOR THE WATER SUPPLY CLOSED SYSTEM OF THE FLYING APPARATS
Abstract
The approved technological schemes and technical means for the water purification, which is formed at implementation of sanitary and hygienic procedures onboard the operated space stations are considered and compared. Data of various sources on a chemical composition of water pollution after different types of the works performed by crew before sanitary procedures are provided. The choice of the washing antibacterial means, the technological scheme of cleaning locates. The scheme of experimental installation for purification of sanitary and hygienic water with method of the return osmosis and the made experiments results is provided.
It is shown, that it is essentially possible to carry out regeneration of sanitary and hygienic water with the help of the reverse-osmosis modules released by the industry. Selectivity of the reverse-osmosis modules of various production to the chosen detergent exceeds 99%, and at pressure difference on a membrane of 0,8–10 MPa the pure extraction coefficient of 98% is reached. Express methods for a preliminary estimate of oxygen chemical consumption and detergent concentration in the polluted water, a method of an assessment of water purification quality on specific conductivity are offered.
About the Authors
N. A. Salnikov
ПАХТ
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
N. E. Nikolaykina
Университет машиностроения
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
References
1. Samsonov N.M., Bobe L.S., Gavrilov L.I., Kochetkov A.A., Kurmazenko E.A., Romanov S.Yu., Zheleznyakov A.G., Baranov V.M., Sinyak Yu.E. Regeneratsionnye sistemy zhizneobespecheniya ekipazhei kosmicheskikh stantsii. Izvestiya RAN. Energetika. 2009. № 1. P. 61–68.
2. Bobe L.S., Samsonov N.M., Novikov V.M., Kochetkov A.A., Soloukhin V.A., Telegin A.A., Andreichuk P.A., Protasov N.N., Sinyak Yu.E. Perspektivy razvitiya sistem regeneratsii vody obitaemykh kosmicheskikh stantsii. Izvestiya RAN. Energetika 2009. № 1. P. 69–78.
3. GOST R 50804-95. Sreda obitaniya kosmonavta v pilotiruemom kosmicheskom korable. Obshchie mediko-tekhnicheskie trebovaniya. Vved. 1995-08-08. M.: Izd-vo standartov, 1995.
4. Bobe L.S., Kochetkov A.A., Romanov S.Yu., Andreichuk P.O., Zheleznyakov A.G., Sinyak Yu.E. Perspektivy razvitiya regeneratsionnogo vodoobespecheniya pilotiruemykh kosmicheskikh stantsii. Pilotiruemye polety v kosmos. 2014. № 2 (11). P. 51–60.
5. Svittsov A.A. Vvedenie v membrannye tekhnologii. M.: DeLi print, 2008.
6. Starikov S.E. Regeneratsiya sanitarno-gigienicheskoi vody na osnove baromembrannykh metodov dlya uslovii dlitel'nykh kosmicheskikh ekspeditsii.: dis. ... kand. tekh. nauk. M., 2009.
7. Mitashova N.I. Ekologicheskie aspekty tekhnologii «vlazhnoi» chistki. Sovremennaya khimchistka i prachechnaya. 2002. № 3. P. 34–37.
8. Bobe L.S. Tekhnologicheskie protsessy sistem regeneratsii vody. M.: Izdatel'stvo MAI, 1991.
9. Mitashova N.I. Opredelenie pokazatelei kachestva stochnykh vod, soderzhashchikh poverkhnostno-aktivnye veshchestva. Izvestiya MGTU "MAMI". 2014. № 1 (19), t. 3. P. 68–76.
10. Mitashova N.I. Ochistka stochnykh vod, soderzhashchikh PAV, i ikh povtornoe ispol'zovanie. Izvestiya MGTU "MAMI". 2013. № 3 (17), t. 2. P. 48–51.
11. Samsonov N.M., Abramov L.Ch, Protasov N.N. et al. Hygiene water recovery aboard the space station. Proc. 4th European Symp. on Space Environmental Control Systems. October 1991. Florence, Italy. ESA SP-324. Vol. 2. P. 649–651.
12. Obosnovanie razrabotki sistemy regeneratsii sanitarno-gigienicheskoi vody dlya kosmicheskoi stantsii: materialy 13-i Mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii "Aviatsiya i kosmonavtika – 2014", Moscow, 17–21 noya. 2014 g. / N.A. Sal'nikov, L.S. Bobe. Moskva: MAI, 2014. –710 p.
13. Pat. 2536993 Rossiiskaya Federatsiya, mpk7 C 02 F 1/44, B 01 D 61/12, B 01 D 65/08. Ustroistvo dlya vyrabotki sverkhchistoi vody. Byul. № 36; opubl. 27.12.2014.
14. Patent 2007202471 Australia, IPC7 A 61 L 2/18, A 61 L 2/24. Device for disinfecting a reverse osmosis system. Publication date 20.12.2007.
15. Sal'nikov N.A., Nikolaikina N.E., Bobe L.S., Rykhlov N.V. Issledovanie nasosaseparatora gazozhidkostnoi smesi dlya sanitarno-gigienicheskogo otseka kosmicheskoi stantsii. Izvestiya MGTU "MAMI". 2014. № 2 (20), t. 3. P. 9–15.
Review
For citations:
Salnikov N.A., Nikolaykina N.E. SANITARY AND HYGIENIC WATER PURIFICATION RESEARCH FOR THE WATER SUPPLY CLOSED SYSTEM OF THE FLYING APPARATS. Civil Aviation High Technologies. 2016;(225):157-165. (In Russ.)
Views:
534
Email this article 
