The paper analyzes existing modeling approaches, including empirical, physicochemical and statistical methods, as well as machine learning methods. The advantages and limitations of models such as the Shepherd’s model, Butler-Volmer equation-based models, regression analysis-based models, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks are discussed. Special attention is paid to a promising Method of Mathematical Prototyping of Energy Processes (MMPEP), this approach enables the construction of physically accurate models that conform with the fundamental laws of thermodynamics and electrodynamics. Based on MMPEP, a new voltage dynamics model has been developed specifically for lithium-ion aircraft batteries (LIABs), which take into account polarization processes, temperature changes and nonlinear effects. The model proposed in the paper is derived through numerical-analytical transformation of dynamic processes equations obtained by the method of mathematical prototyping of energy processes. A comparative analysis of existing modeling approaches is carried out and the advantages of the proposed MMPEP method are shown. An example of modeling the dynamics of physical and chemical processes in a lithium-ion battery with some limitations is presented. The research results demonstrate that the MMPEP-based models have high accuracy and versatility, which makes them applicable for charge state prediction, failure diagnostics, and digital twin development. The analytical expression presented in the paper expands the classical Shepherd’s model, providing a description of complex dynamic processes. The methodological potential of MMPEP is supported by the possibility of integration with machine learning methods to refine model parameters. Prospects for further research include extending the model to account for battery degradation, developing simplified models for real-time diagnostics systems, and introducing hybrid modeling approaches.

In the last few years, the topic of extended (i.e. virtual or augmented) reality in education has become so popular among researchers that it creates problems when preparing reviews of papers on the topic: a search of Scopus and Web of Science databases alone yields to several thousand results, which obviously indicates the relevance and very high demand for this tool. However, the majority of publications are dedicated to pilot studies exploring the integration of extended reality technologies in educational settings. They either do not address or only peripherally touch upon conventional educational practices, with the exception of IT-related courses. Additionally, there is a dearth of studies utilizing established methodologies for the quantitative evaluation of research outcomes.  This paper aims to fill these gaps. It describes the use of a specially developed augmented reality application in practical classes for four years (2021–2024) in the training of aviation university students majoring in air traffic control. The NASA-TLX test, which has become the de facto aerospace industry standard for evaluating the usage of new technologies and is widely adopted in other industries, was employed to objectively quantify this work. The long-term application and the validated assessment tool suggest that the findings and recommendations based on them can serve as a sound basis for planning further research and practical implementation of these technologies in higher education.

The article presents an innovative method of Active Thermoacoustic Testing (ATAT) for aircraft composite structures, aimed at enhancing material reliability and durability. Modern aviation increasingly employs composites, such as carbon fiber-reinforced polymers, which offer high strength-to-weight ratios. However, the use of these materials carries the risk of internal defects - microcracks, cases of delamination, and voids - that are difficult to detect with conventional methods. The developed ATAT method integrates a comprehensive structural health monitoring system based on thermoacoustic excitation. The principle involves localized heating and acoustic stimulation of the material, enabling real-time diagnostics of defect formation and progression. The methodology is grounded in mathematical models of heat transfer, acoustic wave propagation, and mechanical vibrations, which describe energy distribution within the material structure. The proposed technique comprises nine key stages, from control system preparation and data collection to defect analysis, damage mitigation, and residual lifespan prediction. ATAT implementation significantly reduces maintenance costs, minimizes the risk of failures, and extends the service life of aircraft components. The results demonstrate the method’s high efficiency in aviation and its potential for integration into serial production. 

On a daily basis, thousands of aircraft move through the airspace, with their management entrusted to specialized teams of specialists from Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs). To ensure effective and efficient air traffic management (ATM), ANSPs continually develop innovative methods to modernize and automate the processes involved in ATM. One of the key areas of focus in this effort is the optimization of air traffic service route networks, which contributes to increasing airspace capacity, reducing congestion, and enhancing the efficiency of air traffic services. This paper proposes a model for ATS route network optimization using the A-star algorithm to minimize route distances. The study analyzes three key scenarios, considering the presence and absence of angle constraints at route intersection points. Optimizing the ATS route network provides substantial benefits in enhancing the quality of ATM services and reducing operational costs for airlines. The model has been successfully implemented within the Ho Chi Minh Area Control Center (ACC HCM) airspace. The results of the model's application demonstrate its high efficiency and practical value, particularly in airspaces with high traffic density.

The handling of decommissioned aircraft is a relatively new problem for national civil aviation. For many decades, the global experience has been dominated by the practice of placing them in open areas, the so-called cemeteries of aircraft. At the same time, the increasing requirements for environmental protection force the introduction of environmentally sound forms of activity at all stages of the life cycle of a technical device, including at the final stage – disassembly and disposal. It has been revealed that in Russia there is no orderly system for handling the aviation equipment in the post-operational period of its life cycle. However, there is a need for such a system, and it will increase, since the “Comprehensive Program for the Development of the Air Transport Industry of the Russian Federation until 2030” assumes the gradual withdrawal of foreign-made aircraft from the airline fleet under Western sanctions. In the course of the study, an overview of the regulatory and legal support for recycling processes in Russian automobile, railway and marine transport has been carried out; the activities of Russian companies engaged in the disposal of aviation equipment have been analyzed and contradictions in the market of recycling services have been revealed; tools for stimulating recycling are proposed for vehicle owners; foreign experience is studied and summarized, in particular, the PAMELA and Airbus Lifecycle Services projects of Airbus Corporation, the activities of the AFRA association of Boeing Corporation, the Falcon Aircraft Recycling project of Emirates, the international project Airbus China.

In-flight experiments are considered the most appropriate means to simplify the development of mathematical models of transport-type aircraft aerodynamic characteristics, which take into account the dynamics of forces and moments arising over a wide range of angles of attack up to the highest ones. This paper is to examine the flight technique to control transport aircraft reaching the angles of attack far beyond their permissible values using on-ground simulation. A mathematical model of transport aircraft which eliminates distortion in aerodynamic characteristics determination arising due to automation in longitudinal axis affecting stability and controllability characteristics is developed for this. To do this, the stabilizer displacement velocity is assumed proportional to manipulator deviation from its neutral position in pitch; in case the control is performed with elevator only, the pilot manually disables this stabilizer displacement. Experiments conducted with PSPK-102 simulator allowed decreasing the rate of deceleration to zero until stall, as well as determination of required values of the deceleration rate assuming there are no restrictions imposed on stabilizer displacement velocity. It is determined that the combined control with elevator and stabilizer increases the range of achievable angles of attack with the use of full elevator pitching up which provides the dynamical reaching the highest angles of attack. It is shown as well that the tendency to stall accompanied by intense lateral motion can be diminished by using yaw stability automation with side-slip angle signal and cross-coupling between ailerons and rudder.