THE DEVELOPMENT OF NAVIGATION SYSTEMS IN CIVIL AVIATION

The article describes the history of navigation systems formation, such as "Cicada" system, which at that time could compete with the US "Transit", European, Chinese Beidou navigation system and the Japanese Quasi-Zenit.The detailed information about improving the American GPS system, launched in 1978 and working till now is provided. The characteristics of GPS-III counterpart "Transit", which became the platform for creating such modern globalnavigation systems as GLONASS and GPS. The process of implementation of the GLONASS system in civil aviation, itssegments, functions and features are considered. The stages of GLONASS satellite system orbital grouping formation are analyzed. The author draws the analogy with the American GPS system, the GALILEO system, which has a number of additional advantages, are given. The author remarks the features of the European counterpart of the GALILEO global navigation system. One of the goals of this system is to provide a high-precision positioning system, which Europe can rely on regardless of the Russian GLONASS system, the US - GPS and the Chinese Beidou. GALILEO offers a unique global search and rescue function called SAR, with an important feedback function. The peculiarities of Chinese scientists’ navigation system, the Beidou satellite system, and the Japanese global Quasi-Zenith Satellite System are described.Global navigation systems development tendencies are considered. The author dwells upon the path to world satellite systems globalization, a good example of which is the trend towards GLONASS and Beidou unification. Most attention was paid to the latest development of Russian scientists’ autonomous navigation system SINS 2015, which is a strap-down inertial navigation system and allows you to navigate the aircraft without being connected to a global satellite system. The ways of navigation systems further development in Russia are determined. The two naturally opposite directions are given, which are connected, on the one hand, with the Russian and Chinese symbiosis global navigation system, which will significantly simplify the interaction between the two countries and, on the other hand, with the creation of autonomous navigation system on each aircraft.

GPS, GNSS, GALILEO, Beidou, Quasi-Zenith, «Цикада», COMPASS, words: navigation development, navigation systems, factors of navigation development, GLONASS, GPS, GNSS, GALILEO, Beidou, Quasi-Zenith, TRANSIT, Cicada, COMPASS, strap-down inertial navigation systems, auton- omous navigation of an object, Kompas-M1, segments of the navigation system

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