<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">caht</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научный вестник МГТУ ГА</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Civil Aviation High Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-0619</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0119</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation (MSTU CA)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26467/2079-0619-2025-28-6-77-97</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">caht-2673</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАШИНОСТРОЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MECHANICAL ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Аэродинамическое проектирование компоновок крыльев учебно-тренировочного и пилотажного самолетов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Aerodynamic wing design of a training and aerobatic aircraft</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлов</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailov</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Михайлов Юрий Степанович, кандидат технических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник </title><p>г. Жуковский</p></sec></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Yuri S. Mikhailov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Chief Researcher</title></sec></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральный аэрогидродинамический институт имени профессора Н.Е. Жуковского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>77</fpage><lpage>97</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Михайлов Ю.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Михайлов Ю.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mikhailov Y.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://avia.mstuca.ru/jour/article/view/2673">https://avia.mstuca.ru/jour/article/view/2673</self-uri><abstract><p>Учебно-тренировочный самолет – особый класс легких самолетов, предназначенных для первоначальной летной подготовки пилотов и поддержания навыков управления на требуемом уровне. Использование специально разработанных учебных самолетов с дополнительными функциями безопасности, такими как тандемное управление, благоприятное поведение аэродинамических характеристик на больших углах атаки и упрощенная компоновка кабины, позволяет летчикам безопасно осваивать навыки управления самолетом. Поэтапный подход к летной подготовке пилотов гражданской и военной авиации обычно начинается с освоения навыков управления на самолетах первоначального обучения. В настоящее время российский парк самолетов первоначального обучения укомплектован преимущественно самолетами Як-52, разработанными в ОКБ Яковлева в 1974 году на основе пилотажного самолета Як-50. Дальнейшее совершенствование летного мастерства может быть осуществлено на пилотажных самолетах акробатической категории, разработанных в ОКБ Сухого, например на самолетах Су-26. Техническими факторами, оказывающими влияние на безопасность обучения и уровень подготовки пилотов, являются надежность и летно-технические характеристики самолетов. Летно-технические характеристики зависят в основном от аэродинамики крыла, а также от располагаемой эффективности органов управления и характеристик выбранной силовой установки. Уровень и характер поведения подъемной силы, создаваемой крылом, в том числе на больших углах атаки, определяются формой крыла в плане и характеристиками установленных профилей. Аэродинамика крыла также оказывает существенное влияние на характеристики управляемости самолета и возможности безопасного пилотирования в эксплуатационном диапазоне режимов полета. Таким образом, выполнение требований, связанных с обеспечением заявленного уровня аэродинамических характеристик самолета, а также управляемости на больших углах атаки, являются основной целью проектирования крыла.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The trainer aircraft is a special class of light aircraft designed for initial flight training pilots and maintaining control skills at the required level. The use of specially designed trainer aircraft with additional safety features such as tandem control, favorable behavior of aerodynamic characteristics at high angles of attack and simplified cockpit layout allows pilots to master safely control skills of the aircraft. A step-by-step approach of flight training for civil and military pilots usually begins with mastering control skills on initial training aircraft. Currently, the Russian fleet of initial training aircraft is equipped primarily with Yakovlev Yak-52 aircraft, developed by the Yakovlev Design Bureau in 1974 based on the Yakovlev Yak-50 aerobatic aircraft. Further improvement of flight skills can be achieved on aerobatic aircraft category developed by the Sukhoi Design Bureau, for example, the Sukhoi Su-26 aircraft. Technical factors that influence the safety of training and the level of pilot training are the reliability and aircraft flight performance. Aircraft flight performance depends mainly on the wing aerodynamics, as well as on the available effectiveness of the control surfaces and the characteristics of the selected power plant. The level and nature of the behavior of the lift generated by the wing, including the one at high angles of attack, are determined by the wing planform and the characteristics of the assigned profile. Wing aerodynamics also has a significant impact on the aircraft controllability characteristics and safe piloting capabilities in the operational range of flight modes. Thus, meeting the requirements associated with ensuring the declared level of aircraft aerodynamic characteristics, as well as controllability at high angles of attack, together are the main goal of wing design.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>требования</kwd><kwd>методология проектирования</kwd><kwd>анализ расчетных результатов</kwd><kwd>испытания в аэродинамических трубах</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>requirements</kwd><kwd>design methodology</kwd><kwd>analysis of calculation results</kwd><kwd>wind tunnel testing</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uitdewilligen S., de Voogt A.J. Aircraft accidents with student pilots flying solo: analysis of 390 cases // Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine. 2009. Vol. 80, no. 9. Pp. 803–806. DOI: 10.3357/ASEM.2510.2009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uitdewilligen, S., de Voogt, A.J. (2009). Aircraft accidents with student pilots flying solo: analysis of 390 cases. Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine, vol. 80, no. 9, pp. 803–806. DOI: 10.3357/ASEM.2510.2009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Houston S.A., Walton R.O., Conway B.A. Analysis of general aviation instructional loss of control accidents // Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education &amp; Research. 2012. Vol. 22, iss. 1. Pp. 35–49. DOI: 10.15394/ jaaer.2012.1402</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Houston, S.A., Walton, R.O., Conway, B.A. (2012). Analysis of general aviation instructional loss of control accidents. Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education &amp; Research, vol. 22, issue 1, pp. 35–49. DOI: 10.15394/ jaaer.2012.1402</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jacobson S.R. Aircraft loss of control causal factors and mitigation challenges [Электронный ресурс] // AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. Canada, Toronto, Ontario, 02-05 August 2010. DOI: 10.2514/ 6.2010-8007 (дата обращения: 15.01.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jacobson, S.R. (2010). Aircraft loss of control causal factors and mitigation challenges. In: AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. Canada, Toronto, Ontario, 02-05 August 2010. DOI: 10.2514/6.2010-8007 (accessed: 15.01.2025).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goraj Z., Baron A., Kacprzyk J. Dynamics of a light aircraft in spin // Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology: An International Journal. 2002. Vol. 74, iss. 3. Pp. 237–251. DOI: 10.1108/00022660210427422</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goraj, Z., Baron, A., Kacprzyk, J. (2002). Dynamics of a light aircraft in spin. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology: An International Journal, vol. 74, issue 3, pp. 237–251. DOI: 10.1108/00022660210427422</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ragheb A.M., Dantsker Or D., Selig M.E. Stall/Spin flight testing with a subscale aerobatic aircraft [Электронный ресурс] // 31st AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. CA, San Diego, 24-27 June 2013. DOI: 10.2514/ 6.2013-2806 (дата обращения: 15.01.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ragheb, A.M., Dantsker, Or D., Selig, M.E. (2013). Stall/Spin flight testing with a subscale aerobatic aircraft. In: 31st AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. CA, San Diego, 24-27 June 2013. DOI: 10.2514/6.2013-2806 (accessed: 15.01.2025).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lambregts A.A. Airplane upsets: old problem, new issues / A.A. Lambregts, G. Nesemeier, J.E. Wilborn, R.L. Newman // AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit. Hawaii, Honolulu, 18-21 August 2008. DOI: 10.2514/6.2008-6867 (дата обращения: 15.01.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lambregts, A.A., Nesemeier, G., Wilborn, J.E., Newman, R.L. (2008). Airplane upsets: old problem, new issues. In: AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit. Hawaii, Honolulu, 18-21 August 2008. DOI: 10.2514/6.2008-6867 (accessed: 15.01.2025).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang Z. Investigation and improvement of stall characteristic of high-lift configuration without slats / Z. Yang, J. Li, J. Jin, H. Zhang, Y. Jiang [Электронный ресурс] // International Journal of Aerospace Engineering. 2019. Vol. 2019. ID: 7859482. 14 p. DOI: 10.1155/2019/7859482 (дата обращения: 15.01.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang, Z., Li, J., Jin, J., Zhang, H., Jiang, Y. (2019). Investigation and improvement of stall characteristic of high-lift configuration without slats. International Journal of Aerospace Engineering, vol. 2019, ID: 7859482, 14 p. DOI: 10.1155/2019/7859482 (accessed: 15.01.2025).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lednicer D. The incomplete guide to airfoil usage [Электронный ресурс] // UIUC Applied Aerodynamics Group. URL: https://mselig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html (дата обращения: 15.01.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lednicer, D. (2024). The incomplete guide to airfoil usage. UIUC Applied Aerodynamics Group. Available at: https://mselig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html (accessed: 15.01.2025).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leishman J.G. Stalling &amp; Spinning – Introduction to aerospace flight vehicles [Электронный ресурс] // Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. 2023. URL: https://eaglepubs.erau. edu/introductiontoaerospaceflightvehicles/ (дата обращения: 15.01.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leishman, J.G. (2023). Stalling &amp; Spinning – Introduction to aerospace flight vehicles. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. Available at: https://eaglepubs.erau.edu/intro ductiontoaerospaceflightvehicles/ (accessed: 15.01.2025).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Драч Д.К., Осипчук Ю.Н. Учебнотренировочный самолет Як-152 // Полет. Общероссийский научно-технический журнал. 2008. № 5. С. 40–44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drach, D.K., Osipchuk, Yu.N. (2008). YaK-152 trainer. All-Russian ScientificTechnical Journal “Polyot” (“Flight”), no. 5, pp. 40–44. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Волков А.В., Ляпунов С.В. Метод расчета трансзвукового обтекания профиля с учетом изменения энтропии на скачках уплотнения // Ученые записки ЦАГИ. 1993. Т. 24, № 1. C. 3–11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkov, A.V., Lyapunov, S.V. (1993). Method of calculating transonic flow around an airfoil with allowance for entropy changes across shock wave. Uchenyye zapiski TsAGI, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 3–11. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raymer D.P. Aircraft design: a conceptual approach. 2nd ed. Washington: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1992. 760 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raymer, D.P. (1992). Aircraft design: a conceptual approach. 2nd ed. Washington: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1992. 760 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чичеров Н.А. Расчет аэродинамических характеристик дозвуковых самолетов в широком диапазоне углов атаки методом деформируемой несущей поверхности // Техника воздушного флота. 1994. № 1-2. С. 30–40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chicherov, N.A. (1994). Calculation of aerodynamic characteristics of subsonic aircraft over a wide range of angles of attack using the deformable lifting surface method. Tekhnika vozdushnogo flota, no. 1-2, pp. 30–40. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Михайлов Ю.С. Аэродинамическое проектирование высоконесущих профилей для самолетов авиации общего назначения // Техника воздушного флота. 1998. № 2-3. С. 11–17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mikhailov, Yu.S. (1998). Aerodynamic design of high-lift airfoils for general aviation aircraft. Tekhnika vozdushnogo flota, no. 2-3. pp. 11–17. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чернышев С.Л. Формирование облика семейства легких многоцелевых самолетов для местных воздушных линий России / С.Л. Чернышев, А.И. Дунаевский, А.В. Редькин, Ю.С. Михайлов // Полет. Общероссийский научно-технический журнал. 2013. № 8. С. 72–79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chernyshev, S.L., Dunaevsky, A.I., Redkin, A.V., Mikhailov, Yu.S. (2013). Definition of configuration for a family of light multipurpose aircraft for local-service airlines of Russia. All-Russian Scientific-Technical Journal “Polyot” (“Flight”), no. 8, pp. 72–79. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Михайлов Ю.С. Проектирование механизации крыла гражданских самолетов // Сборник докладов IV научной конференции по гидроавиации «Гидроавиасалон-2002». Геленджик, 4–8 сентября 2002 г. С. 244–258.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mikhailov, Yu.S. (2002). Design of wing high-lift system for civil aircraft. In: Sbornik dokladov IV nauchnoy konferentsii po gidroaviatsii “Gidroaviasalon-2002”, pp. 244–258. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pettersson K., Rizzi A. Aerodynamic scaling to free ﬂight conditions: Past and present // Progress in Aerospace Sciences. 2008. Vol. 44, iss. 4. Pp. 295–313. DOI: 10.1016/ j.paerosci.2008.03.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pettersson, K., Rizzi, A. (2008). Aerodynamic scaling to free ﬂight conditions: Past and present. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, vol. 44, issue 4, pp. 295–313. DOI: 10.1016/ j.paerosci.2008.03.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баринов В.А. Расчет коэффициентов сопротивления и аэродинамического качества дозвуковых пассажирских и транспортных самолетов // Труды ЦАГИ. 1983. Вып. 2205. С. 48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barinov, V.A. (1983). Calculation of drag coefficients and aerodynamic efficiency of subsonic passenger and transport aircraft. Trudy TsAGI, issue 2205, p. 48. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
