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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">caht</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научный вестник МГТУ ГА</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Civil Aviation High Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-0619</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0119</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation (MSTU CA)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26467/2079-0619-2024-27-2-80-93</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">caht-2338</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАШИНОСТРОЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MECHANICAL ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Расчетные исследования аэродинамических характеристик соосного несущего винта вертолета Ка-226Т на режимах «вихревого кольца»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Computational investigations of Ka-226T helicopter coaxial rotor aerodynamics in the vortex ring state</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макеев</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makeev</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макеев Павел Вячеславович, кандидат технических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры проектирования вертолетов</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel V. Makeev, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor at the Helicopter Design Chair</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">makeevpv@mai.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Игнаткин</surname><given-names>Ю. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ignatkin</surname><given-names>Yu. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игнаткин Юрий Михайлович, кандидат технических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры проектирования вертолетов</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri M. Ignatkin, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor at the Helicopter Design Chair</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k102@mai.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шомов</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shomov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шомов Александр Иванович, кандидат технических наук, доцент, главный конструктор по направлению</p><p>пос. Томилино, Московская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander I. Shomov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Chief Designer</p><p>Tomilino</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.shomov@nhc.aero</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селеменев</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Selemenev</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Селеменев Сергей Витальевич, технический руководитель КБ 3.3</p><p>пос. Томилино, Московская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Selemenev, Technical Director of the Design Office 3.3</p><p>Tomilino</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.selemenev@kamov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский авиационный институт</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Aviation Institute (MAI)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «НЦВ Миль и Камов»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC “Russian Helicopters”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>80</fpage><lpage>93</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Макеев П.В., Игнаткин Ю.М., Шомов А.И., Селеменев С.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Макеев П.В., Игнаткин Ю.М., Шомов А.И., Селеменев С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makeev P.V., Ignatkin Y.M., Shomov A.I., Selemenev S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://avia.mstuca.ru/jour/article/view/2338">https://avia.mstuca.ru/jour/article/view/2338</self-uri><abstract><p>Режимы «вихревого кольца» наблюдаются при обтекании винта с положительными углами атаки. Для несущего винта эти условия реализуются при крутом снижении вертолета с малыми скоростями. Режимы «вихревого кольца» винта сопровождаются рядом характерных явлений, связанных с поведением его аэродинамических характеристик, в том числе явлений негативного характера. К последним относятся прежде всего снижение тяги винта, рост потребной мощности, пульсации тяги и крутящего момента, неустановившееся маховое движение лопастей и др. С точки зрения пилотирования вертолета они выражаются в резкой потере высоты, росте расходов управления, высоком уровне вибраций, «размытии» конуса вращения лопастей, ухудшении управляемости. Все это определяет актуальность исследований данных режимов и важность практической реализации задачи определения их границ. В последнее время в связи с бурным развитием вычислительной техники и совершенствованием расчетных моделей появляется возможность выполнять численные исследования аэродинамических характеристик винтов на режимах «вихревого кольца». В работе представлены результаты исследований аэродинамических характеристик соосного несущего винта вертолета Ка-226Т на режимах крутого снижения в области режимов «вихревого кольца». Рассмотрены углы атаки винта αВ = 90...30° и диапазон скоростей вертикального снижения Vу = 0…26 м/с. Использована оригинальная нелинейная лопастная вихревая модель винта, разработанная в Московском авиационном институте (МАИ). Рассчитаны суммарные и распределенные аэродинамические характеристики винта. Проанализированы формы вихревого следа и картины обтекания винта. Построены границы режимов «вихревого кольца» в скоростных координатах «Vx − Vy» по различным критериям, отражающим известные особенности данных режимов. Полученные результаты существенно дополняют имеющийся опыт экспериментальных и численных исследований в данной области.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The vortex ring states are observed when the rotor is flowed at positive angles of attack. For the main rotor, these conditions are realized during a steep descent of the helicopter at low speeds. The rotor vortex ring states are affected by significant phenomena related to the behavior of its aerodynamics, including negative phenomena. The latter is, firstly, referred to decrease in rotor thrust, increase in the required power, pulsations of thrust and torque, unsteady flapping blade motion, etc. In terms of helicopter piloting, it means a sharp loss of altitude, increase in the control force, a high level of vibration, defocusing attenuation of rotor spinning cone, as well as controllability deterioration. All these factors determine the relevance of research on these modes and the importance of solving a problem of defining their boundaries. Recently, due to the rapid development of computer technologies and computational models, it has become practical to perform numerical research of the rotor aerodynamics in vortex ring states. The paper presents the study results of Ka-226T helicopter coaxial rotor aerodynamics in steep descent modes in the field of vortex ring states. The angles of rotor attack αВ = 90...30° and the range of vertical descent velocities Vу = 0...26 m/s are considered. The original nonlinear bladed vortex model of the rotor developed at the Moscow Aviation Institute (MAI) was used. The total and distributed aerodynamic rotor characteristics were calculated. The shapes of the vortex wake and the rotor flow patterns were analyzed. The boundaries of the vortex ring states in velocity coordinates “Vx − Vу” were constructed according to various criteria reflecting the known features of these states. The results obtained significantly complement the existing experience of experimental and numerical research in this field.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>соосный несущий винт</kwd><kwd>нелинейная вихревая модель</kwd><kwd>висение</kwd><kwd>крутое снижение</kwd><kwd>режимы «вихревого кольца»</kwd><kwd>аэродинамические характеристики</kwd><kwd>границы режимов «вихревого кольца»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>coaxial main rotor</kwd><kwd>nonlinear vortex model</kwd><kwd>hover</kwd><kwd>steep descent</kwd><kwd>vortex ring states</kwd><kwd>aerodynamics</kwd><kwd>boundaries of vortex ring states</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Акимов А.И. Аэродинамика и летные характеристики вертолетов. М.: Машиностроение, 1988. 144 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akimov, A.I. (1988). 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