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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">caht</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научный вестник МГТУ ГА</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Civil Aviation High Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-0619</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0119</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation (MSTU CA)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26467/2079-0619-2023-26-5-81-95</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">caht-2236</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАШИНОСТРОЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MECHANICAL ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение метода малых отклонений для диагностирования технического состояния авиационного газотурбинного двигателя на переходных режимах его работы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Application of the method of insignificant divergences to diagnose the technical aircraft gas turbine engine state under the transient-state conditions of its operation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Машошин</surname><given-names>О. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mashoshin</surname><given-names>O. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Машошин Олег Федорович, доктор технических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой двигателей летательных аппаратов</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg F. Mashoshin, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, the Head of the Aircraft Engines Chair</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.mashoshin@mstuca.aero</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хармац</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharmats</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хармац Илья Григорьевич, кандидат технических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры технической механики и инженерной графики</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya G. Kharmats, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Technical Mechanics and Engineering Graphics Chair</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kharmats@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный технический университет гражданской авиации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>81</fpage><lpage>95</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Машошин О.Ф., Хармац И.Г., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Машошин О.Ф., Хармац И.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mashoshin O.F., Kharmats I.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://avia.mstuca.ru/jour/article/view/2236">https://avia.mstuca.ru/jour/article/view/2236</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассмотрены вопросы, связанные с использованием параметрической информации переходных режимов работы газотурбинных двигателей (ГТД) для диагностирования их технического состояния в процессе эксплуатации. Проведен обзор общих подходов к вычислительным алгоритмам распознавания и классификации состояний применительно к авиационным ГТД. Показано место аналитических моделей в современных алгоритмах оценки технического состояния авиационных ГТД. Рассмотрено построение линеаризованной математической модели переходного режима работы авиационного ГТД обобщенной схемы – системы уравнений, аналитически связывающих относительные отклонения параметров, измеряемых в процессе работы двигателя, с относительными отклонениями неизмеряемых термогазодинамических параметров и геометрических параметров газовоздушного тракта, позволяющих классифицировать техническое состояние элементов проточной части газотурбинного двигателя. Сформулирован метод построения математической и диагностической моделей двигателя с использованием характеристик переходного процесса, а также показана возможность применения метода малых отклонений, используемого для построения линейных (линеаризованных) математических и диагностических моделей ГТД для стационарных режимов его работы. Показано, что, несмотря на структурное сходство линейных моделей установившегося и переходного процессов, диагностирование с их помощью базируется на совершенно разных принципах – на установившемся режиме классификация технического состояния определяется по изменению величины группы контролируемых откликов, а на переходном режиме эта операция основывается на сопоставлении изменения характера протекания переходного процесса. Для обеспечения универсальности применения предложенных методов к различным схемам ГТД, устанавливаемых на современных самолетах гражданской авиации, рассмотрена модель обобщенной схемы авиационного газотурбинного двигателя – трехвального двухконтурного турбореактивного двигателя со смешением потоков в общем реактивном сопле.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article deals with issues related to the use of parametric information of the transient-state gas turbine engines (GTE) operation conditions for diagnosing their technical condition during the operation. A review of general approaches to computational algorithms for the recognition and classification of the condition applicable to aircraft GTE has been carried out. The significance of analytical models in modern algorithms for assessing the technical GTE condition is emphasized. The construction of a linearized mathematical model for the transient-state condition of the generalized-scheme aircraft GTE operation has been considered. It represents a system of equations analytically combining the relative parameter divergences measured during the engine operation with the relative divergences of unmeasured thermogasdynamic parameters and geometric gas-air flow duct parameters allowing for the technical condition of gas-air channel elements to be classified. A method for constructing mathematical and diagnostic engine models, using the transient response data, has been formulated. The capability of employing a method of insignificant divergences, used to build linear (linearized) mathematical and diagnostic GTE models for the steady-state conditions of its operation, has been demonstrated as well. It is shown that, despite the structural similarity of linear models of the steady and transient-state processes, diagnostics by means of the stated above processes is based on completely different principles – under the steady-state condition, the classification of a technical condition is determined by the variation in the value of the group of controlled responses, and under the transient-state condition, this operation is based on correlating the change in the transient-state behavior. To ensure the versatility of employing proposed methods regarding various GTE designs installed on modern civil aircraft, a generalized-design aircraft GTE model – a three-shaft bypass turbojet engine with mixing flows in a common jet nozzle, has been considered.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>переходные режимы</kwd><kwd>диагностирование</kwd><kwd>аналитические модели</kwd><kwd>авиационные газотурбинные двигатели</kwd><kwd>классификация состояний</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>transient-state conditions</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd><kwd>analytical models</kwd><kwd>aircraft gas turbine engines</kwd><kwd>classification of conditions</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zaidan M.A. Gas turbine engines prognostics using bayesian hierarchical models: A variational approach / M.A. Zaidan, A.R. Mills, R.F. Harrison, P.J. 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