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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">caht</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научный вестник МГТУ ГА</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Civil Aviation High Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-0619</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0119</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation (MSTU CA)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26467/2079-0619-2023-26-3-103-113</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">caht-2216</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАШИНОСТРОЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MECHANICAL ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности распространения вихревого следа за воздушными судами с винтами</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of vortex trace propagation for aircraft with propellers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Желанников</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhelannikov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Желанников Александр Иванович, доктор технических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>г. Жуковский</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander I. Zhelannikov, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Chief Researcher</p><p>Zhukovsky</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhelannikov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Центральный аэрогидродинамический институт имени проф. Н.Е. Жуковского<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>103</fpage><lpage>113</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Желанников А.И., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Желанников А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhelannikov A.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://avia.mstuca.ru/jour/article/view/2216">https://avia.mstuca.ru/jour/article/view/2216</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье приводятся результаты исследования характеристик вихревого следа за воздушными судами с турбовинтовыми двигателями. На примере самолета Ан-12 показано, что вращающиеся винты вносят заметный вклад в распространение вихревого следа за самолетом. Это доказывают и некоторые исследования, а также многочисленные наблюдения. Также описывается методика для исследования вихревого следа за воздушными судами с винтами. В основе методики лежит метод дискретных вихрей. Актуальность таких исследований обусловлена возрастающим интересом компаний-перевозчиков к воздушным судам с турбовинтовыми двигателями. Доказано, что при перевозках пассажиров и грузов на таких судах на расстояния 700–800 км затраты по обслуживанию и на топливо сокращаются примерно на 30–40 %. Поэтому до сих пор сохранен парк турбовинтовых самолетов, таких как Ан-22, Ан-70, Ан-12, а также Ту-95, Ил-38, С-130 и др. Разрабатываются и вводятся в эксплуатацию новые турбовинтовые самолеты: А-400М, Ил-114, Ил-112М. Вихревой след за такими самолетами также представляет опасность для других, летящих следом самолетов. Особенностью распространения вихревого следа за самолетами с винтами является взаимодействие вихрей, сходящих с планера самолета и вихрей от винтов. В результате из-за вращения всех винтов в одну сторону нарушается симметрия в распространении вихрей, сходящих с правой и левой половин крыла. Поэтому важно понимать, насколько по-разному ведут себя вихри, сходящие с планера самолета с турбовинтовыми двигателями. Для удобства исследования методика учета влияния вихрей от винтов интегрирована в специальный расчетно-программный комплекс, базирующийся также на методе дискретных вихрей. В нем при расчете характеристик вихревого следа учитываются полетный вес, скорость и высота полета самолета, его полетная конфигурация, атмосферные условия, близость земли, осевая скорость в ядре вихря и некоторые другие факторы. Этот комплекс прошел необходимую апробацию и государственную регистрацию. Был выполнен ряд мероприятий по валидации и верификации разработанного комплекса, подтверждающих работоспособность программ, входящих в него, и достоверность получаемых по нему результатов. Приводятся результаты исследования характеристик вихревого следа за самолетом Ан-12 в виде спектров вертикальной скорости и полей возмущенных скоростей на различных удалениях от него. Показано, что воздушные винты заметно влияют на распространение вихревого следа за турбовинтовыми самолетами. Это обстоятельство необходимо учитывать экипажам воздушных судов, летящих следом за такими самолетами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents the results of a study of the characteristics of the wake vortex of aircraft with turboprop engines. Using the example of the An-12 aircraft, it is shown that rotating propellers make a noticeable contribution to the propagation of the vortex trail behind the aircraft. This is proved by some studies, as well as numerous observations. It also describes a technique for studying the wake vortex of aircraft with propellers. The method is based on the method of discrete vortices. The relevance of such studies is due to the growing interest of carrier companies in aircraft with turboprop engines. It has been proven that when transporting passengers and cargo on such vessels over distances of 700–800 km, maintenance and fuel costs are reduced by about 30–40%. Therefore, the fleet of turboprop aircraft, such as An-22, An-70, An-12, as well as Tu-95, Il-38, C-130, etc., has been preserved so far. New turboprop aircraft are being developed and put into operation: A-400M, Il-114, Il-112M. The vortex trail behind such aircraft also poses a danger to other aircraft flying behind. A feature of the propagation of the wake vortex behind aircraft with propellers is the interaction of vortices coming off the airframe and vortices from the propellers. As a result, due to the rotation of all the screws in one direction, symmetry is broken in the propagation of vortices descending from the right and left halves of the wing. Therefore, it is important to understand how differently the vortices that descend from the airframe of an aircraft with turboprop engines behave. For the convenience of the study, the method of accounting for the effect of vortices from screws is integrated into a special calculation and software package, also based on the method of discrete vortices. In it, when calculating the characteristics of the wake vortex, the flight weight, speed and altitude of the aircraft, its flight configuration, atmospheric conditions, proximity of the earth, axial velocity in the core of the vortex and some other factors are taken into account. This complex has passed the necessary testing and state registration. A number of measures were carried out to validate and verify the developed complex, confirming the operability of the programs included in it and the reliability of the results obtained from it. The results of the study of the characteristics of the wake vortex behind the Antonov-12 aircraft in the form of vertical velocity spectra and fields of perturbed velocities at various distances from it are presented. It is shown that propellers noticeably affect the propagation of the wake vortex behind turboprop aircraft. This circumstance must be taken into account by the crews of aircraft flying behind such aircraft.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>воздушные винты</kwd><kwd>вихревой след</kwd><kwd>воздушное судно</kwd><kwd>взаимодействие вихрей</kwd><kwd>турбовинтовые самолеты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>propellers</kwd><kwd>wake vortex</kwd><kwd>aircraft</kwd><kwd>vortex interaction</kwd><kwd>turboprop aircraft</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Головнев И.Г., Лапшин К.В. Бортовая система измерений воздушных данных как основа для оповещения ЛА о вхождении его в вихревое образование от другого ЛА // Навигация, наведение и управление летательными аппаратами: сборник тезисов докладов третьей Всероссийской научно-технической конференции, Москва, 21–22 сентября 2017 г. ГНЦ РФ ФГУП «ГосНИИАС». М.: Научтехлитиздат, 2017. 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