<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">caht</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научный вестник МГТУ ГА</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Civil Aviation High Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-0619</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0119</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation (MSTU CA)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26467/2079-0619-2018-21-5-105-116</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">caht-1376</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАДИОТЕХНИКА И СВЯЗЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RADIO ENGINEERING AND COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Определение местоположения воздушных объектов  в полистатической радиолокационной системе,  паразитирующей на излучении  телекоммуникационных систем</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Determination of the location of air objects  in polistatic radar system parasitising on radiation telecommunication systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисов</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisov</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борисов Евгений Геннадьевич - доктор технических наук, доцент, главный специалист по реализации инвестиционных и научно-технических проектов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny G. Borisov - Doctor of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Specialist on the Implementation of Investment and Scientific Technical Projects</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">begspb1967@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет  телекоммуникаций им. проф. М.А. Бонч-Бруевича</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunication  (SUT)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>105</fpage><lpage>116</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Борисов Е.Г., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Борисов Е.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Borisov E.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://avia.mstuca.ru/jour/article/view/1376">https://avia.mstuca.ru/jour/article/view/1376</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящее время в районах крупных городов наблюдается устойчивая тенденция к увеличению пространственной плотности телекоммуникационных систем. Насыщенность радиоспектра аналоговыми и цифровыми системами, используемыми для решения задач радиосвязи и телевидения, позволяет на их основе совершенствовать технологии полуактивного радиолокационного обнаружения и определения координат воздушных объектов (ВО). Осуществление радиолокационного наблюдения с использованием передатчиков нерадиолокационного назначения часто называют полуактивной радиолокацией с использованием сторонних или «паразитных» источников излучения. Преимуществами систем являются минимизация затрат на развертывание, незначительные эксплуатационные энергозатраты, низкая вероятность постановки помех, скрытность факта работы, экологичность и отсутствие требований к выделению радиочастотного ресурса. Относительно большие высоты поднятия антенн связных и телевизионных передатчиков при существующей излученной мощности создают благоприятные условия для обнаружения маловысотных ВО. Цифровые сигналы современных телекоммуникационных систем имеют ширину спектра, обеспечивающую приемлемое разрешение и точность измерения суммарной дальности и угловых координат. В общем случае системы такого типа представляют собой полистатическую (многопозиционную) систему, состоящую из одного или нескольких источников излучения и одной или нескольких приемных позиций, разнесенных в пространстве. Перспективной задачей, решаемой такими системами наряду с контролем воздушного пространства, является управление воздушным движением (УВД). В работе рассмотрены варианты определения прямоугольных координат ВО в системе бистатических радиолокационных станций, использующих для обнаружения целей радиоизлучение сторонних источников. Рассмотрены варианты местоопределения воздушных объектов при различном составе первичных измерений координат и количестве передающих позиций. Приведены аналитические выражения для расчета проекций вектора скорости цели на оси декартовой системы координат. Произведена оценка точности определения местоположения воздушных объектов для многопозиционных радиосистем такого типа.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Currently, in areas of large cities there is a steady trend towards an increase in the spatial density of telecommunications systems. Saturation of the radio spectrum with analogue and digital systems used to solve problems of radio communication and television allows on their basis improving the technologies for semi-active radar detecting and determining the coordinates of air objects. The introduction of radar surveillance using transmitters not intended for radar purpose is often called a semi-active radar using outside or “parasitic” emission sources. The advantages of the systems are the minimization of the deployment costs, low operational energy costs, a low probability of establishing distortions, stealth operation, environmental friendliness and lack of requirements for radio frequency resource allocation.  The relatively large elevations of the antennas of communication and television transmitters with the existing emitted power create favorable conditions for the detection of low altitude air objects. The digital signals of modern telecommunications systems have a spectrum width that provides acceptable resolution and accuracy for measuring the full range and angular coordinates. In general, a system of this type is a poly-static (multi-static) system consisting of one or more radiation sources and one or more receiving positions scattered in space. The promising task such systems solve along with airspace control is air traffic control. The article considers options for determining the rectangular coordinates of air objects in a system of bistatic radar stations using radio emission from external sources for target detection. The variants of the location of air objects with different composition of primary measurements of coordinates and a number of transmitting positions are considered. Analytical expressions are given for calculating the projections of the target velocity vector on the axis of the Cartesian coordinate system. The accuracy of airborne positioning for multi-static radar systems of this type is estimated.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бистатическая локация</kwd><kwd>метод наименьших квадратов</kwd><kwd>суммарно-дальномерные</kwd><kwd>угломерные измерения</kwd><kwd>определение местоположения</kwd><kwd>точность</kwd><kwd>полуактивная радиолокация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bistatic location</kwd><kwd>least square method</kwd><kwd>total long distance</kwd><kwd>angular measurements</kwd><kwd>locate positions</kwd><kwd>accuracy</kwd><kwd>semiactive radiolocation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bendjama L., Laroussi T. GLRT-based passive bistatic radar: A performance comparison of illuminators of opportunity // 2018 International Conference on Advanced Systems and Electric Technologies (IC ASET). 2018. Pp. 54–59. DOI:10.1109/ASET.2018.8379834.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bendjama, L. and Laroussi, T. (2018). GLRT-based passive bistatic radar: A performance comparison of illuminators of opportunity. 2018 International Conference on Advanced Systems and Electric Technologies (IC ASET). pp. 54–59. DOI:10.1109/ASET.2018.8379834.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Capria A. DVB-T passive radar for vehicles detection in urban environment / D. Petri, M. Martorella, M. Conti, E. Dalle Mese, F. Berizzi // 2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. 2010. Pp. 3917–3920. DOI:10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5649675.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Capria, A., Petri, D., Martorella, M., Conti, M., Dalle Mese, E. and Berizzi, F. (2010). DVB-T passive radar for vehicles detection in urban environment. 2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, pp. 3917–3920. DOI:10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5649675.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Howland P.E., Maksimiuk D., Reitsma G. FM radio based bistatic radar // IEE Proceedings – Radar, Sonar and Navigation. 2005. Pр. 107–115. DOI:10.1049/ip-rsn:20045077.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Howland, P.E., Maksimiuk, D. and Reitsma, G. (2005). FM radio based bistatic radar. IEE Proceedings – Radar, Sonar and Navigation, рр. 107–115. DOI:10.1049/ip-rsn:20045077.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zaimbashi A., Derakhtian M., Sheikhi A. Invariant Target Detection in Multiband FMBased Passive Bistatic Radar // IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 2014. Pp. 720–736. DOI:10.1109/TAES.2013.120248.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaimbashi, A., Derakhtian, M. and Sheikhi, A. (2014). Invariant Target Detection in Multiband FM-Based Passive Bistatic Radar. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, pp. 720–736. DOI:10.1109/TAES.2013.120248.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Conti M. High range resolution multichannel DVB-T passive radar / F. Berizzi, M. Martorella, E. Dalle Mese, D. Petri, A. Capria // IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine. 2012. Pp. 37–42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Conti, M., Berizzi, F., Martorella, M., Dalle Mese, E., Petri, D. and Capria, A. (2012). High range resolution multichannel DVB-T passive radar. IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, pp. 37–42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Conti M. Ambiguity function sidelobes mitigation in multichannel DVB-T Passive Bistatic Radar / D. Petri, A. Capria, M. Martorella, F. Berizzi, E. Dalle Mese // 12th International Radar Symposium (IRS). 2011. Pp. 339–344.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Conti, M., Petri, D., Capria, A., Martorella, M., Berizzi, F. and Dalle Mese, E. (2011). Ambiguity function sidelobes mitigation in multichannel DVB-T Passive Bistatic Radar. 12th International Radar Symposium (IRS), pp. 339–344.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Christiansen J.M., Olsen K.E. Range and Doppler walk in DVB-T based Passive Bistatic Radar // IEEE Radar Conference. 2010. Pp. 620–626. DOI:10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494548.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Christiansen, J.M. and Olsen, K.E. (2010). Range and Doppler walk in DVB-T based Passive Bistatic Radar. IEEE Radar Conference, pp. 620–626. DOI:10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494548.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Samczyński P., Wilkowski M., Kulpa K. Trial results on bistatic passive radar using noncooperative pulse radar as illuminator of opportunity // INTL – International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications. 2012. Pp. 171–176.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samczyński, P., Wilkowski, M. and Kulpa, K. (2012). Trial results on bistatic passive radar using non-cooperative pulse radar as illuminator of opportunity. INTL – International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, pp. 171–176.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Honda J., Otsuyama T. Feasibility study on aircraft positioning by using ISDB-T signal delay // IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letter. 2016. Pp. 1787–1790.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Honda, J. and Otsuyama, T. (2016). Feasibility study on aircraft positioning by using ISDB-T signal delay. EEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letter, pp. 1787–1790.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krysik P. Doppler-only tracking in GSM-based passive radar / M. Wielgo, J. Misiurewicz, A. Kurowska // 17th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION). 2014. Pp. 1–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krysik, P., Wielgo, M., Misiurewicz, J. and Kurowska, A. (2014). Doppler-only tracking in GSM-based passive radar. 17th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION), pp. 1–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Howland P.E. Target tracking using television-based bistatic radar // IEE Proceedings – Radar, Sonar and Navigation. 1999. Pр. 166–174.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Howland, P.E. (1999). Target tracking using television-based bistatic radar. IEE Proceedings – Radar, Sonar and Navigation, pр. 166–174.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salah A. Experimental study of LTE signals as illuminators of opportunity for passive bistatic radar applications / Abdullah R.S.A. Raja, A. Ismail, F. Hashim, Aziz N.H. Abdul // Electronics Letters. 2014. Pp. 545–547. DOI:10.1049/el.2014.0237.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salah, A., Raja Abdullah, R.S.A., Ismail, A., Hashim, F. and Abdul Aziz, N.H. (2014). Experimental study of LTE signals as illuminators of opportunity for passive bistatic radar applications. Electronics Letters, pp. 545–547. DOI:10.1049/el.2014.0237.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аверьянов В.Я. Разнесенные радиолокационные станции и системы. Минск: Техника, 1978. 148 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Averyanov, V.Ya. (1978). Raznesennye radiolokatsionnye stantsii i sistemy [Separated radar stations and systems]. Minsk: Tekhnika, 1978, 148 p. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Черняк В.С. Многопозиционная радиолокация. М.: Радио и связь, 1993. 416 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chernyak, V.S. (1993). Mnogopozitsionnaya radiolokatsiya [Multi-position Radiolocation], Moscow: Radio i Svyaz, 1993, 416 p. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Охрименко А.Е. Основы обработки и передачи информации. Минск: МВИЗРУ ПВО, 1990. 180 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Okhrimenko, A.E. (1990). Osnovy obrabotki i peredachi informatsii [Fundamentals of information processing and transmission]. Minsk: MVIZRU PVO, 1990, 180 p. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Борисов Е.Г., Поддубный С.С. Применение пространственно-временных сигналов для определения координат целей в бистатической локационной системе // Вопросы радиоэлектроники. 2017. № 1. С. 9–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borisov, E.G. and Poddubnyy, S.S. (2017). Primenenie prostranstvenno-vremennykh signalov dlya opredeleniya koordinat tselei v bistaticheskoy lokatsionnoy sisteme [Application of space-time signals for the determination of target coordinates in a bistatic location system]. Voprosy radioelektroniki [Problems of radio-electronics], no. 1, рр. 9–14. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Машков Г.М., Борисов Е.Г., Владыко А.Г. Анализ точности определения местоположения объектов дальномерными системами различного типа // Авиационная техника. Сер. Известия высших учебных заведений. 2015. № 4. С. 401–406.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mashkov, G.M., Borisov, E.G. and Vladyko, A.G. (2015). Analiz tochnosti opredeleniya mestopolozheniya obyektov dalnomernymi sistemami razlichnogo tipa [Analysis of Object Positioning Accuracy provided by range-finding systems of various types]. Russian Aeronautics, pp. 401–406. DOI: 10.3103/S1068799815040078. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kulpa K., Malanowski M. Two Methods for Target Localization in Multistatic Passive Radar // IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 2012. Vol. 48, № 1. Pp. 572–580. DOI:10.1109/TAES.2012.6129656.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulpa, K. and Malanowski, M. (2012). Two Methods for Target Localization in Multistatic Passive Radar. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 572–580. DOI:10.1109/TAES.2012.6129656.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mellen G., Pachter M., Raquet J. Closed-form solution for determining emitter location using time difference of arrival measurements // IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 2003. July. Pp. 1056–1058. DOI:10.1109/TAES.2003.1238756.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mellen, G., Pachter, M. and Raquet, J. (2003). Closed-form solution for determining emitter location using time difference of arrival measurements. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, July, pp. 1056–1058. DOI:10.1109/TAES.2003.1238756.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ширман Я.Д., Манжос В.Н. Теория и техника обработки радиолокационной информации на фоне помех. М.: Радио и связь, 1981. 416 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shirman, Ya.D. and Manzhos, V.N. (1981). Teoriya i tekhnika obrabotki radiolokatsionnoy informatsii na fone pomekh [Theory and technique of processing radar information against background noise]. Moscow: Radio i svyaz, 416 p. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузьмин С.З. Основы теории цифровой обработки радиолокационной информации. М.: Сов. Радио, 1974. 432 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzmin, S.Z. (1974). Osnovy teorii tsifrovoy obrabotki radiolokatsionnoy informatsii [Fundamentals of the theory of digital processing of radar information]. Moscow: Sov. Radio, 432 p. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
