<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">caht</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научный вестник МГТУ ГА</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Civil Aviation High Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-0619</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0119</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation (MSTU CA)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26467/2079-0619-2018-21-1-40-48</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">caht-1182</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Авиационная и ракетно-космическая техника</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Aviation, rocket and space technology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ВИХРЕВОГО СЛЕДА ДЛЯ СЛУЧАЯ ДВУХ МОДЕЛЬНЫХ ВЕТРОУСТАНОВОК</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MODELLING OF TURBULENT WAKE FOR TWO WIND TURBINES</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крючкова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kryuchkova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Крючкова Арина Сергеевна - инженер Института системного программирования имени В.П. Иванникова Российской Академии Наук.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arina S. Kryuchkova - Engineer of Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the RAS.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pudjic@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стрижак</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Strijhak</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимирович - кандидат технических наук, инженер Института системного программирования имени В.П. Иванникова Российской Академии Наук.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei V. Strijhak - Candidate of Technical Sciences, Engineer of Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the RAS.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">strijhak@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт системного программирования имени В.П. Иванникова РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>03</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Крючкова А.С., Стрижак С.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Крючкова А.С., Стрижак С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kryuchkova A.S., Strijhak S.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://avia.mstuca.ru/jour/article/view/1182">https://avia.mstuca.ru/jour/article/view/1182</self-uri><abstract><p>На территории РФ планируется строительство нескольких крупных ветропарков (Ульяновская область, Республика Адыгея, Калининградская область, Север РФ) в 2018–2020 гг. Задачи, связанные с проектированием работы ветропарков с целью оценки их эффективности, являются актуальными на сегодняшний день. Одно из возможных направлений в проектировании связано с математическим моделированием. Метод крупных вихрей (вихреразрешающее моделирование), разработанный в рамках направления вычислительной гидродинамики, позволяет в деталях воспроизводить нестационарную структуру течения и определять различные интегральные характеристики для ветроустановок.</p><p>В данной работе проведен расчет для двух модельных ветроэлектрических установок с помощью метода крупных вихрей и метода плоских сечений при вращении лопастей турбины. Для проведения моделирования использовалась расчетная область в форме параллелепипеда и адаптированная неструктурированная сетка с тремя сетками (на 2, 4 и 8 миллионов ячеек). Математическая модель включала в себя основные уравнения неразрывности и количества движения для несжимаемой вязкой жидкости. Крупномасштабные вихревые структуры рассчитывались при помощи интегрирования фильтрованных уравнений. Расчет был проведен с использованием лагранжевой динамической модели Смагоринского для определения значения турбулентной подсеточной вязкости. Геометрические параметры ветроэлектрической установки задавались исходя из данных открытого проекта BlindTest 2-4. Все физические величины в расчетной области определялись в центре расчетной ячейки. Аппроксимация слагаемых в исходных уравнениях была выполнена со вторым порядком точности по времени и пространству. Уравнения для связи скорости, давления решались с помощью итерационного алгоритма PIMPLE. Общее количество рассчитываемых физических величин на каждом временном шаге равнялось 18. В связи с этим потребовались ресурсы вычислительного кластера.</p><p>В результате расчета течения в следе для двух трехлопастных турбин получены осредненные и мгновенные значения скорости, давления, подсеточной кинетической энергии и турбулентной вязкости, компоненты тензора подсеточных напряжений, значения коэффициентов вырабатываемой мощности и осевой нагрузки. Полученные результаты, количественно совпадающие с известными результатами экпериментов и численных расчетов, свидетельствуют о возможности адекватно рассчитать параметры течения для нескольких ветроэлектрических установок.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The construction of several large wind farms (The Ulyanovsk region, the Republic of Adygea, the Kaliningrad region, the North of the Russian Federation) is planned on the territory of the Russian Federation in 2018–2020. The tasks, connected with the design of new wind farms, are currently important. One of the possible direction in the design is connected with mathematical modeling. Large eddy method (eddy-resolving simulation), developed within the Computational Fluid Dynamics, allows to reproduce unsteady structure of the flow in details and define various integrated characteristics for wind turbines. The mathematical model included the main equations of continuity and momentum equations for incompressible viscous flow. The large-scale vortex structures were calculated by means of integration the filtered equations. The calculation was carried out using lagrangian dynamic Smagorinsky’s model to define turbulent subgrid viscosity. The parallelepiped-shaped numerical domain and 3 different unstructured meshes (with 2,4,8 million cells) were used for numerical simulation.</p><p>The geometrical parameters of wind turbine were set proceeding to open sources for BlindTest 2–4 project from Internet. All physical values were defined at the center of computational cell. The approximation of items in the equations was performed with the second order of accuracy for time and space. The equations for coupling of velocity, pressure were solved by means of iterative algorithm PIMPLE. The total quantity of the calculated physical values at each time step was equal 18. So, the resources of a high performance computer were required. As a result of flow simulation in the wake for two three-bladed wind turbines the average and instantaneous values of velocity, pressure, subgrid kinetic energy, turbulent viscosity, components of stress tensor were calculated. The received results qualitatively matching the known results of experiment and numerical simulation testify to an opportunity to adequately calculate flow parameters for several wind turbines.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ветропарки</kwd><kwd>ветроэлектрическая установка</kwd><kwd>метод крупных вихрей</kwd><kwd>модель Смагоринского</kwd><kwd>вихревой след</kwd><kwd>профиль сечения</kwd><kwd>угол атаки</kwd><kwd>завихренность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>wind farms</kwd><kwd>wind turbine</kwd><kwd>large eddy method</kwd><kwd>model of Smagorinsky</kwd><kwd>wake</kwd><kwd>velocity profile</kwd><kwd>angle of attack</kwd><kwd>vorticity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Грант РФФИ № 17-07-01391</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>RFBR Grant No. 17-07-01391</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stevens R.J.A.M., Meneveau C. Flow Structure and Turbulence in Wind Farms // Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 2017. Vol. 49. pp. 311–339.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stevens R.J.A.M., Meneveau C. Flow Structure and Turbulence in Wind Farms. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 2017, Vol. 49, pp. 311–339.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Medici D., Alfredsson P.H. Measurements on a Wind Turbine Wake: 3-D Effects and Bluff Body Vortex Shedding // Wind Energy. 2006. Vol. 9. pp. 219–236.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Medici D., Alfredsson P.H. Measurements on a Wind Turbine Wake: 3-D Effects and Bluff Body Vortex Shedding, Wind Energy, 2006, Vol. 9, pp. 219–236.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cal R.B., Lebron J., Castillo L., Kang H.-S., Meneveau C. Experimental study of the horizontally averaged flow structure in a model wind-turbine array boundary layer // Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy. 2010. Vol. 2. pp. 103–106.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cal R.B., Lebron J., Castillo L., Kang H.-S., Meneveau C. Experimental study of the horizontally averaged flow structure in a model wind-turbine array boundary layer. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 2010, Vol. 2, pp. 103–106.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chamorro L. P., Port´e-Agel F. Turbulent flow inside and above a wind farm: a wind-tunnel study // Energies. 2011. Vol. 11. pp. 1916–1936.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chamorro L.P., Port´e-Agel F. Turbulent flow inside and above a wind farm: a wind-tunnel study. Energies, 2011, Vol. 11, pp. 1916–1936.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weller H.G., Tabor G., Jasak H., Fureby C. A tensorial approach to computational continuum mechanics using object oriented techniques // Computers in Physics. 1998. Vol. 12, No. 6. pp. 620–631.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weller H.G., Tabor G., Jasak H., Fureby C. A tensorial approach to computational continuum mechanics using object oriented techniques. Computers in Physics, 1998, Vol. 12, No. 6, pp. 620–631.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Churchfield M.J, Lee S., Michalakes J., Moriarty P.J. A numerical study of the effects of atmospheric and wake turbulence on wind turbine dynamics // Journal of Turbulence. 2012. Vol. 13, No. 14. pp. 1–32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Churchfield M.J., Lee S., Michalakes J., Moriarty P.J. A numerical study of the effects of atmospheric and wake turbulence on wind turbine dynamics. Journal of Turbulence, 2012, Vol. 13, No. 14, pp. 1–32.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sørensen J.N., Shen W.Z. Numerical Modeling of Wind Turbine Wakes // Journal of Fluids Engineering. 2002. Vol. 124. pp. 393–399.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sørensen J.N., Shen W.Z. Numerical Modeling of Wind Turbine Wakes. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 2002, Vol. 124, pp. 393–399.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krogstad P.Å., Eriksen P.E. "Blind test" calculations of the performance and wake development for a model wind turbine // Renewable Energy. 2013. Vol. 50. pp. 325–333.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krogstad P. Å., Eriksen P.E. "Blind test" calculations of the performance and wake development for a model wind turbine. Renewable Energy, 2013, Vol. 50, pp. 325–333.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pierella F., Krogstad P. Å., Sætran L. Blind Test 2 calculations for two in-line model wind turbines where the downstream turbine operates at various rotational speeds // Renew. Energ. 2014. Vol. 70. pp. 62–77.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pierella F., Krogstad P.Å., Sætran L. Blind Test 2 calculations for two in-line model wind turbines where the downstream turbine operates at various rotational speeds. Renew. Energ., 2014, Vol. 70, pp. 62–77.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Somers DM. The S825 and S826 Airfoils. National Renewable Energy Laboratory 2005. NREL/SR-500-36344. 67 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Somers DM. The S825 and S826 Airfoils. National Renewable Energy Laboratory 2005. NREL/SR-500-36344. 67 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bartl J., Sætran L. Blind test comparison of the performance and wake flow between two in-line wind turbines exposed to different turbulent inflow conditions // Wind Energ. Sci. 2017. Vol. 2. pp. 55–76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bartl J., Sætran L. Blind test comparison of the performance and wake flow between two in-line wind turbines exposed to different turbulent inflow conditions. Wind Energ. Sci., 2017, Vol. 2, pp. 55–76.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стрижак С.В. Математическое моделирование параметров течения одиночной ветроэлектрической установки // Научный Вестник МГТУ ГА. 2016. Том 19, № 6. С. 176–184.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strijhak S.V. Matematicheskoe modelirovanie parametrov techeniya odinochnoi vetroelektricheskoyi ustanovki [Mathematical modelling of flow parameters for single wind turbine]. Nauchniy Vestnik MGTU GA [Сivil Aviation High Technologies], 2016, Vol. 19, № 6, pp. 176–184.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
