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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">caht</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научный вестник МГТУ ГА</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Civil Aviation High Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-0619</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0119</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation (MSTU CA)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26467/2079-0619-2017-20-6-164-172</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">caht-1168</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Радиотехника и связь</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Radio engineering and communication</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ФЛУКТУАЦИЙ ОГИБАЮЩЕЙ ПРИ ОБРАТНОМ РАССЕЯНИИ ПРОСТОГО РАДИОИМПУЛЬСА НА ЧАСТИЦАХ РАЗРЕЖЕННЫХ СРЕД</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ENVELOPE FLUCTUATIONS DISTRIBUTION OF SIMPLE RADAR PULSE BACKSCATTERING IN RARIFIED MEDIUM</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Денисенков</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Denisenkov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Денисенков Дмитрий Анатольевич, преподаватель кафедры технологий и средств геофизического обеспечения войск.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitriy A. Denisenkov, Teacher of the Technologies and Means of Troops Geophysical Support Chair. </p><p>St. Petersburg.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горелик</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorelik</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горелик Андрей Габриэлович, профессор, доктор физико-математических наук, профессор.</p><p>Москва. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey G. Gorelik, Professor, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences.</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коломиец</surname><given-names>С. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolomietc</surname><given-names>S. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коломиец Сергей Федорович, кандидат физико-математических наук, научный сотрудник. </p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey F. Kolomietc, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Research Associate.</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Военно-космическая академия имени А.Ф. Можайского.</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mozhaisky Military-Space Academy.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Mосковский физико-технический институт.</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>164</fpage><lpage>172</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Денисенков Д.А., Горелик А.Г., Коломиец С.Ф., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Денисенков Д.А., Горелик А.Г., Коломиец С.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Denisenkov D.A., Gorelik A.G., Kolomietc S.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://avia.mstuca.ru/jour/article/view/1168">https://avia.mstuca.ru/jour/article/view/1168</self-uri><abstract><p>Основу современных радиолокационных методик составляет прямое использование радиофизических данных о мощности обратного рассеяния. Вместе с тем объемы данных, получаемых от радиолокатора, позволяют формировать новые и существенно уточнять классические оценки. В этом направлении сделаны заметные шаги с использованием, например, фазовых (доплеровских) методов. Используемая в радиолокационной метеорологии «модифицированная рэлеевская модель» формирования рассеянного поля на частицах разреженной среды называется моделью Керра – Райса. Основным плюсом рэлеевской модели является простота. Но в ней самой заложено глубокое противоречие, состоящее в ее логической завершенности. На основе исследования статистики первого распределения в дождях различной интенсивности авторы на большом статистическом материале установили факт их нерэлеевской формы и чрезвычайной стабильности последней в отношении естественных изменений интенсивности осадков. Установлено отличие первого распределения от теоретически ожидаемого в рамках модели КерраРайса, дающее возможность использовать линейно-логарифмическое детектирование. Сделан вывод, что ширина и среднее спектра того же самого сигнала имеют ожидаемую динамику относительно изменения интенсивности осадков и динамических процессов в них. Приведены таблицы с экспериментальными данными. Рассмотрены две основных модели распределения: логонормальная и «лого-гаммофункциональная». Сделан вывод, что, несмотря на отсутствие качественных отличий, разница в форме распределений, полученных на различной аппаратуре, может являться закономерным следствием значительных расхождений в пиковой мощности и/или ширине диаграммы направленности антенны. Приведены графики экспериментальных первых распределений флуктуаций огибающей в линейном и полулогарифмическом масштабе.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The basis of modern radar techniques is the direct use of radio-physical data on the power of backscattering. At the same time, the data volume received from the radar allows us to form new estimates and essentially specify classical ones. Significant steps have been made in this direction, using, for example, phase (Doppler) methods. The "modified Rayleigh model" used in radar meteorology to form a scattered field on rarefied medium particles is called the Kerr-Rice model. The main advantage of the Rayleigh model is its simplicity. But it itself contains a deep contradiction, consisting in its logical completion. Based on the statistics study of the first distribution in the rains of varying intensity the authors on a large statistical material have determined the fact of their not Rayleigh form and extreme stability of the latter in relation to natural changes of precipitation intensity. The first distribution is different from the theoretically expected one in the Kerr-Rice model, which makes it possible to use linear-logarithmic detection. It is concluded that the width and the mean of the spectrum of the same signal have the expected dynamics with respect to changes in precipitation intensity and dynamic processes in them. Tables with experimental data are presented. Two main distribution models are considered: lognormal and "logo-gamma-functional". It is concluded that, despite the absence of qualitative differences, the difference in the form of the distributions obtained with different equipment can be a natural consequence of significant discrepancies in the peak power and / or the width of the antenna pattern. The graphs of the first experimental distributions of envelope fluctuations on a linear and semi-logarithmic scale are presented.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>радиолокация</kwd><kwd>импульсный режим</kwd><kwd>разреженная среда</kwd><kwd>модель Керра – Райса</kwd><kwd>радиометеорология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>radar</kwd><kwd>pulsed mode</kwd><kwd>rarified medium</kwd><kwd>Kerr-Rice model</kwd><kwd>radar meteorology</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Распространение ультракоротких радиоволн: пер. с англ. / под ред. Б.А. Шиллерова. М.: Сов. радио, 1954. 710 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rasprostranenie ultrakorotkix radiovoln [Propagation of ultrashort radio waves]. Trans. from English. Ed. by B.A. Shillerov. Moscow, Soviet radio, 1954, 710 p. 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