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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">caht</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научный вестник МГТУ ГА</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Civil Aviation High Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-0619</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0119</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation (MSTU CA)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">caht-1066</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О МЕРАХ НЕКОМПАКТНОСТИ В НЕРАВЕНСТВАХ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ON MEASURES OF NONCOMPACTNESS IN INEQUALITIES</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ерзакова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Erzakova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор физико-математических наук, профессор,</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics), Professor,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">naerzakova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный технический университет гражданской авиации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>05</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>135</fpage><lpage>143</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ерзакова Н.А., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ерзакова Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Erzakova N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://avia.mstuca.ru/jour/article/view/1066">https://avia.mstuca.ru/jour/article/view/1066</self-uri><abstract><p>Меры некомпактности - это, по сути, числовые характеристики ограниченных подмножеств метрического пространства, равные нулю на относительно компактных подмножествах. Впервые количественную характеристику степени некомпактности (меру некомпактности) подмножества метрического пространства ввел в рассмотрение К. Куратовский в 1930 г. в связи с задачами общей топологии. Существуют различные меры некомпактности. Меры некомпактности - это простой и удобный инструмент для решения различных задач. Поэтому теория мер некомпактности до сих пор интенсивно развивается, находит все новые и новые приложения в различных областях математики. Так, в предлагаемой работе меры некомпактности используются при исследовании неравенства, точнее, обобщения одного неравенства, встречающегося в многочисленных публикациях и имеющего широкое приложение. Например, в трудах таких авторов, как Ю.А. Дубинский, Ж.-Л. Лионс и Э. Мадженес, это неравенство доказывается для операторов вложения в банаховых пространствах (частном случае метрических пространств), затем используется для доказательства разрешимости нелинейных эллиптических и параболических уравнений. В отличие от этих авторов здесь при исследовании неравенства не предполагается компактность оператора вложения. Более того, в метрическом пространстве для аналога неравенства, записанного через произвольные числовые характеристики ограниченных подмножеств (не обязательно мер некомпактности), получены необходимые и достаточные условия справедливости этого аналога. Следствием полученного результата, в случае если числовая характеристика множества, на самом деле, мера некомпактности, является новый критерий компактности одного оператора (не обязательно линейного) при условии компактности другого.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Measures of noncompactness are numerical characteristics of bounded subsets of metric space, equal to zero on relatively compact subsets. The quantitative characteristic of measure of noncompactness of metric space subset was introduced by K. Kuratovskiy in 1930 in connection with problems of general typology. Different measures of noncompactness exist. Measures of noncompactness are a simple and useful instrument for any problem solving. So the theory of measures of noncompactness is still developing and it finds more and more new applications in different branches of mathematics. In this article measures of noncompactness are used to study inequalities, more exactly the extension of an equality, studied in many works and having wide application. For example in the works by Yu.A. Dubinskiy, J.-L. Lions and E. Magenes this inequality is proved for embedding operators in Banach spaces (a particular case of metric spaces). Then it is used to prove the solvability of nonlinear elliptic and parabolic equations. In contrast to these authors in this work the compactness of the embedding operator is not assumed in the study of the inequality. Furthermore, in metric space for the analogue of the inequality, written via any numerical characteristics of bounded subsets (not necessarily measures of noncompactness), the needed and sufficient conditions of the correctness of this analogue are received. In case if numerical characteristic of a set is a measure of noncompactness, the conclusion of this result is a new criterion of compactness of the operator (not necessarily linear) under the condition of compactness of another one.The results of this work generalize some results achieved by the author previously.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нормированное пространство</kwd><kwd>метрическое пространство</kwd><kwd>мера некомпактности</kwd><kwd>оператор вложения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>normed space</kwd><kwd>metric space</kwd><kwd>measure of noncompactness</kwd><kwd>embedding operator</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лионс Ж.-Л., Мадженес Э. Неоднородные граничные задачи и их приложения. М.: Мир, 1971. 371 с</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lions Zh.-L., Madzhenes E. 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